{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T16:15:57Z","timestamp":1769098557350,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wrist Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Scaphoid fractures often lead to nonunion and avascular necrosis (AVN). This study investigates the association between humpback deformity (volar angulation malalignment in scaphoid waist fractures) and these complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective review of radiographs\/computed tomography scans from patients with acute scaphoid waist fractures was performed. Union\/nonunion status and AVN presence or absence were evaluated based on follow-up radiographs. Humpback deformity was identified using a height-to-length ratio (H\/L)\u2009&gt;\u20090.65. Images were assessed by consensus by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Statistical analysis included chi-square\/Fisher's exact tests, t-tests, and logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 84 patients (mean age: 30.4 years) with a mean follow-up for 447.7 days were included. Nonunion occurred in 31%, AVN in 9.5%, and humpback deformity in 54.8%. The nonunion cohort (26 patients) had a higher prevalence of humpback deformity (45.7%). In the AVN cohort (8 patients), 15.2% had a humpback deformity. The humpback cohort (54 patients) showed 46.3% nonunion and 15.2% AVN. Significant association was found between humpback deformity and nonunion (p\u2009=\u20090.001), but not between humpback deformity and AVN (p\u2009=\u20090.067). Logistic regression indicated humpback deformity as a significant predictor of nonunion (p\u2009=\u20090.002).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The study revealed a significant association between humpback deformity and nonunion in scaphoid fractures. Although no significant association was found between humpback deformity and AVN, the AVN cohort showed a trend toward higher rates of humpback deformity suggesting that humpback deformity may occur in the context of scaphoid AVN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2498-0984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T18:55:02Z","timestamp":1735930502000},"page":"e1-e6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation between Humpback Deformity and Presence or Absence of Avascular Necrosis and Nonunion in Patients with Scaphoid Waist Fractures"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8672-5667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed","family":"Abidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Shepel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sauder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Faculty of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prosanta","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Clinical Research Support Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6223-6818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haron","family":"Obaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Green's Operative Hand Surgery. 8th ed","author":"S W Wolfe","year":"2022"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","first-page":"271","article-title":"Longitudinal computed tomography of the scaphoid: a new technique","volume":"24","author":"G I Bain","year":"1995","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(98)80093-2","article-title":"Measurement of the scaphoid humpback deformity using 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Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1735349","article-title":"Predictors of failure for vascularized and nonvascularized bone grafting of scaphoid nonunions: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"S K Rancy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hand Microsurg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.02.016","article-title":"Using computed tomography to assist with diagnosis of avascular necrosis complicating chronic scaphoid nonunion","volume":"34","author":"M L Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.03.055","article-title":"The role of magnetic resonance imaging in scaphoid fractures","volume":"38","author":"N S Murthy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wrist 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