{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T23:33:36Z","timestamp":1767742416637,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Over the past several decades expanded endonasal approaches have advanced significantly, paralleling the increasing importance of skull base defect reconstruction. The nasoseptal flap (NSF) is first line for most skull base reconstruction but may fail for complex or recurrent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in central skull base. The inferior turbinate flap (ITF) presents an alternative due to proximity and robust vascular supply. This cadaveric study compares the NSF and ITF in central skull base repairs, detailing indications, limitations, and dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We analyzed five cadaveric head specimens provided by the Medical College of Georgia Department of Anatomy. The NSF and ITF were raised bilaterally on each head, yielding 20 flaps in total. Length and width of each flap were measured, and total coverage area was calculated. SPSS (ver.20.0) was used for statistical analysis. Differences in mean width, length, and coverage area between the NSF and ITF were analyzed using Student's two-independent sample t-test, with p-values &lt;0.05 considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The NSF was significantly longer (64.6\u2009mm) than ITF (42.8\u2009mm), but the ITF was wider (46.6\u2009mm) than NSF (36.5\u2009mm). NSF had a larger mean coverage area (23.6\u2009cm2) than ITF (19.9\u2009cm2) (p\u2009=\u20090.053).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>While the NSF provides superior coverage, the ITF is a viable option in the reconstruction ladder for central skull base defects when NSF fails, offering advantages in terms of proximity, vascular supply, and lower morbidity over other rescue flaps. Surgical technique in harvesting this flap should be known to any skull base surgeon over other more complex reconstruction flaps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2510-4717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T19:59:11Z","timestamp":1739303951000},"page":"e31-e36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Alternative Flaps in Endoscopic Skull Base Repair: A Comparative Cadaveric Study between Inferior Turbinate and Nasoseptal Flaps"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Kue Tylor","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Brieck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria N.","family":"Hunyh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Bigler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Wellstar MCG Health, Augusta, Georgia, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kareem","family":"Haroun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Wellstar MCG Health, Augusta, Georgia, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilo Reyes","family":"Gelves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Wellstar MCG Health, Augusta, Georgia, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2015.05.010","article-title":"Endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea","volume":"133","author":"S D Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.6.1083","article-title":"The history and evolution of transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"95","author":"J K Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"229","article-title":"Extended endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for tuberculum sellae meningiomas","volume":"61","author":"E de 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Rhinol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.5.FOCUS1255","article-title":"Surgical nuances for nasoseptal flap reconstruction of cranial base defects with high-flow cerebrospinal fluid leaks after endoscopic skull base surgery","volume":"32","author":"J K Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1266763","article-title":"Nasoseptal flap closure of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"21","author":"S A Wheless","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skull Base"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1607274","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal reconstructive methods to the anterior skull base","volume":"31","author":"S Chakravarthi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Plast 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