{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T04:24:06Z","timestamp":1743049446247,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:p>Im Februar 2021 kam es bei einer internationalen Pferdesportveranstaltung in\n                    Valencia zu einem schweren EHV-1-Ausbruch mit etlichen Folgeausbr\u00fcchen in\n                    verschiedenen, europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern. Dies r\u00fcckte die Impfung gegen EHV-1 sehr\n                    stark in den Fokus. Etliche Pferdesportverb\u00e4nde f\u00fchrten eine Pflichtimpfung\n                    gegen EHV-1 ein, und in unmittelbarer Folge des Ausbruchs kam es zu einem\n                    sprunghaften Anstieg der Nachfrage nach EHV-Impfungen. Die anf\u00e4ngliche Besorgnis\n                    ist mittlerweile verflogen. Ein Pferdesportverband hat die erst ein Jahr zuvor\n                    eingef\u00fchrte Pflichtimpfung wieder abgeschafft, und es wird in vermehrtem Ma\u00dfe\n                    die Frage nach der Wirksamkeit und Vertr\u00e4glichkeit der EHV-Impfung diskutiert.\n                    Dazu beigetragen haben in internationalen Fachzeitschriften erschienene\n                    Metastudien, in denen ver\u00f6ffentlichte EHV-1-Impf- und -Infektionsstudien\n                    systematisch und umfassend nachuntersucht wurden. Dabei wurden f\u00fcr die\n                    Humanmedizin entwickelte Beurteilungsschemata von pr\u00e4klinischen Studien\n                    angelegt. Gemessen an diesen Beurteilungskriterien wurde geschlossen, dass die\n                    Qualit\u00e4t der ver\u00f6ffentlichten Daten nicht ausreicht, um die Wirksamkeit der\n                    EHV-Impfstoffe zweifelsfrei zu belegen. Der Umkehrschluss, dass die\n                    EHV-Impfstoffe nicht wirksam sind, l\u00e4sst sich daraus nicht ableiten! Im\n                    Gegenteil, eines der Autorenteams dieser Metastudien h\u00e4lt daran fest, dass die\n                    Impfung ihren Platz im EHV-Management behalten muss.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Die StIKo Vet hat die Diskussion und die Metastudien aufmerksam zur Kenntnis\n                    genommen. Die Kommission geht nicht davon aus, dass in n\u00e4herer Zukunft andere,\n                    den f\u00fcr humanmedizinische, pr\u00e4klinische Laborstudien entwickelten\n                    Bewertungskriterien gen\u00fcgende Infektionsstudien an Pferden durchgef\u00fchrt werden.\n                    Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass EHV-Infektionsstudien an Pferden erhebliche\n                    ethische, logistische und \u00f6konomische Herausforderungen bergen, ist dies auch\n                    nicht uneingeschr\u00e4nkt zu fordern. Stattdessen hat die StIKo Vet die\n                    existierenden Impf- und Infektionsstudien zu EHV-Impfstoffen im Rahmen der hier\n                    vorliegenden Stellungnahme einer eigenen Sichtung unterzogen. Zudem wurden\n                    ver\u00f6ffentlichte EHV-Ausbruchsuntersuchungen mit Blick auf die Rolle der\n                    EHV-Impfung als ein Risikofaktor f\u00fcr die Entstehung schwerer klinischer Verl\u00e4ufe\n                    \u00fcberpr\u00fcft.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Auch wenn die Impfung gegen EHV-1 dem geimpften Einzeltier keinen absoluten\n                    Schutz vor Infektion und Erkrankung vermittelt, zeigen die Studien in der\n                    Gesamtschau hochsignifikante Unterschiede zwischen geimpften und ungeimpften\n                    Tieren: Die Impfung reduziert die Schwere der Erkrankung und vor allem die Dauer\n                    und H\u00f6he der Virusausscheidung. Durch die konsequente Impfung ganzer Best\u00e4nde\n                    kann die Viruslast gesenkt, und es k\u00f6nnen so m\u00f6gliche Infektionsketten\n                    unterbrochen werden. Ein gesicherter Zusammenhang zwischen der EHV-Impfung und\n                    dem Auftreten neurologischer Symptome nach EHV-Infektion l\u00e4sst sich aus den\n                    beschriebenen Ausbruchsuntersuchungen nicht ableiten. Dagegen zeigt eine\n                    umfassende Analyse mehrerer unterschiedlicher Ausbruchsgeschehen, dass eine\n                    Impfquote von \u00fcber 40% im Bestand das Risiko neurologische Symptome zu\n                    entwickeln um etwa die H\u00e4lfte senken kann. Unabh\u00e4ngig von der Bewertung der o.g.\n                    Metastudien sei auch darauf hingewiesen, dass f\u00fcr alle Impfstoffe im Rahmen der\n                    Zulassung experimentelle Studien vorgelegt wurden, die den Vorgaben der\n                    entsprechenden Monographie der Europ\u00e4ischen Pharmakop\u00f6e gen\u00fcgen m\u00fcssen. Die\n                    Ergebnisse der Zulassungsstudien finden ihren Niederschlag in den\n                    Gebrauchsinformationen. Dort sind ausschlie\u00dflich Sachverhalte aufgef\u00fchrt, die\n                    entsprechend belegt wurden.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Die StIKo Vet h\u00e4lt daher an der Empfehlung zu einer m\u00f6glichst fl\u00e4chendeckenden\n                        EHV-Impfung fest. Nach M\u00f6glichkeit soll jedes Pferd zu jeder Zeit \u00fcber einen\n                        Impfschutz gegen EHV-1 verf\u00fcgen. Bei einer hohen Viruslast und\n                    zus\u00e4tzlichen, pr\u00e4disponierenden Faktoren kann es trotz Impfung zu EHV-Ausbr\u00fcchen\n                    kommen. Neben der Impfung d\u00fcrfen daher andere Ma\u00dfnahmen der Seuchenpr\u00e4vention\n                    nicht au\u00dfer Acht gelassen werden. Dazu geh\u00f6ren eine transparente\n                    Ausbruchskommunikation, allgemeine Hygienema\u00dfnahmen, die Vermeidung gemeinsamer\n                    Aufstallung in nicht ausreichend bel\u00fcfteten Innenr\u00e4umen, insbesondere bei\n                    Veranstaltungen mit Pferden, soweit m\u00f6glich die Separierung von Tieren aus\n                    verschiedenen Best\u00e4nden und v.\u2009a. die Absonderung bereits erkrankter oder\n                    besonders infektionsgef\u00e4hrdeter Pferde.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2518-1976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T23:34:46Z","timestamp":1739921686000},"page":"39-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stellungnahme zur Wirksamkeit und immunologischen Sicherheit von\n                    EHV-Impfstoffen bei Pferden"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"53","author":[{"name":"Arbeitskreis Pferde der St\u00e4ndigen Impfkommission Veterin\u00e4rmedizin (StIKo Vet)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1138","article-title":"Informationen zur Impfpflicht gegen das Equine Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) bei\n                    Turnierpferden ab dem Jahr 2023","volume":"103","author":"E Zumnorde-Mertens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Der Praktische Tierarzt"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.05.065","article-title":"Control of EHV-1 viremia and nasal shedding by commercial vaccines","volume":"28","author":"L S Goehring","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00131-1","article-title":"Clinical and virological evaluation of the efficacy of an inactivated EHV1 and\n                    EHV4 whole virus vaccine (Duvaxyn EHV1,4). 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Nutztiere"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2518-1976.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:05:00Z","timestamp":1743033900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2518-1976"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2518-1976","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-1220","2567-5834"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1434-1220"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2567-5834"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}}}