{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:47:56Z","timestamp":1741308476483,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","funder":[{"name":"University of Malaysia Sarawak","award":["UNI\/F05\/PILOT\/85091\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNI\/F05\/PILOT\/85091\/2022"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004515","name":"National University of Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FF-2022-066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF-2022-066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004515","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Metab Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heightened aldosterone levels are associated with increased risk of renal\n                    sequelae, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Historically, primary\n                    aldosteronism is linked to hypertension. However, growing evidence reveals its\n                    presence even in normotensive individuals. This review consolidates data from\n                    diverse sources, delves into clinical studies of this underexplored condition,\n                    discusses the potential mechanisms, and provides a comprehensive and an\n                    up-to-date overview of the current state of knowledge. It highlights the\n                    evidence and understanding of normotensive primary aldosteronism, summarizes\n                    findings, and identifies opportunities for future research in this area. By\n                    addressing the clinical evidence, risk of hypertension development and possible\n                    mechanisms involved, this review aims to advance the understanding of this\n                    distinct form of primary aldosteronism and inspire further research in this\n                    emerging field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2530-1792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:03:51Z","timestamp":1741305831000},"page":"149-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Normotensive Primary Aldosteronism \u2013 Does it Exist?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6818-469X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huai Heng","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University Malaysia of Sarawak,\n                    Kota Samarahan, Malaysia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia,\n                    Cheras, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5434-2087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norlela","family":"Sukor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia,\n                    Cheras, Malaysia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz\n                    UKM, Cheras, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000040261.30455.B6","article-title":"Hyperaldosteronism among black and white subjects with resistant\n                    hypertension","volume":"40","author":"D A Calhoun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpaa137","article-title":"Aldosterone, inflammation, immune system, and hypertension","volume":"34","author":"N S Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-019-0294-8","article-title":"Associations between primary aldosteronism and diabetes, poor bone health, and\n                    sleep apnea-what do we know so far?","volume":"34","author":"H H Loh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976979","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.976979","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism and obstructive sleep apnea: what do we know thus\n                    far?","volume":"13","author":"H H Loh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2013.110","article-title":"Contribution of aldosterone to cardiovascular and renal inflammation and\n                    fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"N J Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4061","article-title":"The management of primary aldosteronism: case detection, diagnosis, and\n                    treatment: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"101","author":"J W Funder","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5794.220","article-title":"Hyperaldosteronism from adrenal carcinoma","volume":"1","author":"R V Brooks","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br Med 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Baudrand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-0065","article-title":"The unrecognized prevalence of primary aldosteronism: a cross-sectional\n                    study","volume":"173","author":"J M Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1080\/10641963.2017.1339072","article-title":"Prevalence of primary aldosteronism without hypertension in the general\n                    population: results in Shika study","volume":"40","author":"S Karashima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033263","article-title":"Serum aldosterone and the incidence of hypertension in nonhypertensive\n                    persons","volume":"351","author":"R S Vasan","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3353","article-title":"Evidence of primary aldosteronism in a predominantly female cohort of\n                    normotensive individuals: a very high odds ratio for progression into arterial\n                    hypertension","volume":"98","author":"A Markou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-011-9553-3","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism: from bench to bedside","volume":"41","author":"N Sukor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-0882","article-title":"The spectrum of subclinical primary aldosteronism and incident hypertension: a\n                    cohort study","volume":"167","author":"J M Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern 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Loh","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.202","article-title":"Should primary aldosteronism be diagnosed among normotensive subjects during\n                    general health check-up and\/or at general outpatient clinics?","volume":"34","author":"T Nishikawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"66","article-title":"Effect of green tea on blood pressure in healthy individuals: a\n                    meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"E Yildirim Ayaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.08.06","article-title":"Reduction in dietary sodium improves blood pressure and reduces cardiovascular\n                    events and mortality","volume":"5","author":"W S Aronow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R498","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00182.2014","article-title":"Estrogen status and the renin angiotensin aldosterone system","volume":"307","author":"E O'Donnell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V132446","article-title":"Variation in the renin angiotensin system throughout the normal menstrual\n                    cycle","volume":"13","author":"M Chidambaram","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"258","article-title":"Estradiol- and progesterone-related increases in the renin-aldosterone system:\n                    studies during ovarian stimulation and early pregnancy","volume":"79","author":"J E Sealey","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol 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A comprehensive review of\n                    current evidence","volume":"24","author":"W C Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-022-01267-3","article-title":"Screening for primary aldosteronism is underutilised in patients with chronic\n                    kidney disease","volume":"35","author":"K Chauhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2803","article-title":"Role of unilateral adrenalectomy in bilateral primary aldosteronism: a 22-year\n                    single center experience","volume":"94","author":"N Sukor","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32103","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32103","article-title":"Long term outcome of aldosteronism after target treatments","volume":"6","author":"V C Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12831","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism: practical clinical\n                    perspectives","volume":"285","author":"W F Young","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Hormone and Metabolic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2530-1792.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:04:07Z","timestamp":1741305847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2530-1792"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2530-1792","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-5043","1439-4286"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-5043","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-4286","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}}}