{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T05:07:21Z","timestamp":1777957641137,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Ultraschall in der Medizin","award":["Thoracic outlet Syndrom \u2013 Die Bedeutung der FKDS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Thoracic outlet Syndrom \u2013 Die Bedeutung der FKDS"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ultraschall Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (aTOS) is a rare condition, but if undiagnosed, it can have serious consequences for affected patients, up to and including limb loss. Ultrasound could be used here as a widely available method for screening, but it is said to have very high investigator dependence. The fact that ultrasound can be used safely for diagnostic purposes has already been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeatability of a standardized examination for the diagnosis of aTOS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We recruited inpatients with high-grade suspected arterial thoracic outlet syndrome who were evaluated for invasive therapy at our TOS center. Routine diagnostics were performed according to clinic standards. In addition, 2 sonographers, one highly experienced and one less experienced, performed ultrasound diagnosis according to a standardized protocol. Image acquisition and interpretation were performed independently, and sonographers were mutually blinded. For analysis, the experienced sonographer served as a reference. Agreement between assessors was analyzed using concordance analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>51 consecutive patients (67% female) aged 39.3\u00b113.0 years were included within 11 months. The standardized ultrasound protocol could be performed in all patients. The prevalence of TOS was high (79.4%; CI: 71.4\u201387.3%) in our cohort. Ultrasound inter-rater agreement using the standardized protocol was very good at 0.820 (CI: 0.624\u20131.000).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Ultrasound diagnosis of TOS using a standardized protocol can be performed effectively and shows a high agreement between 2 sonographers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2532-4823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T18:50:31Z","timestamp":1740423031000},"page":"68-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reliability of a Standardized Ultrasound Protocol for the Diagnosis of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2407-2837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Stegemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Internal Medicine, Diabetology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Agaplesion Diakonie Clinics Kassel, Kassel, Germany"},{"name":"Medicine, Phillips-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"Clinic for Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg Campus Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Larbig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Internal Medicine, Diabetology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Agaplesion Diakonie Clinics Kassel, Kassel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Portig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg Campus Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Weiske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Agaplesion Diakonie Clinics Kassel, Kassel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"B\u00fcrger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Agaplesion Diakonie Clinics Kassel, Kassel, Germany"},{"name":"Vascular Surgery, Venenzentrum Rostock, Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2841-8022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berthold","family":"Stegemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research, Center for Clinical Research Kassel, Kassel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-13-00215","article-title":"Thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"23","author":"JE Kuhn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop 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Vavra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorac Outlet Syndr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2015.10.008","article-title":"Vascular Thoracic Outlet Syndrome","volume":"28","author":"MA Hussain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2016.04.039","article-title":"Reporting standards of the Society for Vascular Surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"64","author":"KA Illig","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000001908","article-title":"Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Part I: Systematic Review of the Literature and Consensus on Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Classification of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies\u2019 Section of Peripheral Nerve Surgery","volume":"90","author":"NF Dengler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13020319","article-title":"Clinical Significance of Maximum Intensity Projection Method for Diagnostic Imaging of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome","volume":"13","author":"T Ogawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268842","article-title":"Combined nerve and vascular ultrasound in thoracic outlet syndrome: A sensitive method in identifying the site of neurovascular compression","volume":"17","author":"Z Ara","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E30360","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000030360","article-title":"Comparison of duplex ultrasound and hemodynamic assessment with computed tomography angiography in patients with arterial thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"101","author":"TA Altuwaijri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med (United States)"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvsvf.2024.02.003","article-title":"Validity of Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome","volume":"61","author":"E Stegemann","year":"2024","journal-title":"EJVES Vasc Forum"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1245336","article-title":"Ultraschallkriterien zur Graduierung von Stenosen der A. carotis interna \u2013 Revision der DEGUM-Kriterien und Transfer in NASCET-Stenosierungsgrade","volume":"31","author":"C Arning","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultraschall in Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2020.0801","article-title":"Diagnostik, therapie und nachsorge der extrakraniellen karotisstenose","volume":"117","author":"HH Eckstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl 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