{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:30:53Z","timestamp":1790793053261,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined gastrointestinal function, substrate utilization, and\n                    exercise performance differences in response to a gut-challenge between (1)\n                    female and male athletes, (2) young adult versus masters athletes, and (3)\n                    athletes with or without exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptom history\n                    (Ex-GIS). Fifty-three endurance athletes (43 males and 10 females) completed a\n                    gut-challenge involving a 2-hour run (60% V\u0307O2max) with 90 g\/h\n                    carbohydrate intake, followed by a 1-hour self-paced distance test (DT) with\n                        ad libitum water. Blood and breath samples were collected pre- and\n                    post-exercise. Blood glucose and substrate utilization during exercise were\n                    measured, while Ex-GIS and feeding tolerance were assessed pre-, during, and\n                    post-exercise. Interest in food and appetite during exercise was lower in\n                    symptomatic athletes than asymptomatic athletes (p&lt;0.05). Females had\n                    a higher blood glucose concentration during exercise (p=0.037) and\n                    immediately after exercise (p=0.003) and a lower whole-body fat oxidation\n                    rate during exercise (p=0.009). Exercise performance did not differ based\n                    on the biological sex, age, and Ex-GIS history. Overall, gastrointestinal\n                    functional markers were comparable between groups, while feeding tolerance and\n                    substrate availability and utilization appear to be influenced by the Ex-GIS\n                    history and biological sex, respectively. Tailored management of\n                    gastrointestinal issues in athletes should be based on an individual basis as\n                    opposed to general demographic characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2541-2821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T22:46:28Z","timestamp":1745793988000},"page":"510-524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Feeding Tolerance to a Running Gut-Challenge Protocol: a Cross-Sectional Exploration"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Isabel G.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Faculty of Medicine,\n                    Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill,\n                    Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Biesiekierski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Faculty of Medicine,\n                    Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill,\n                    Australia"},{"name":"Human Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Food and\n                    Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne,\n                    Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Rauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Faculty of Medicine,\n                    Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill,\n                    Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo J. S.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Faculty of Medicine,\n                    Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill,\n                    Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2014-0027","article-title":"Systematic review: Carbohydrate supplementation on exercise performance or\n                    capacity of varying durations","volume":"39","author":"T Stellingwerff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.3389\/FPHYS.2021.773054\/BIBTEX","article-title":"Feeding tolerance, glucose availability, and whole-body total carbohydrate and\n                    fat oxidation in male endurance and ultra-endurance runners in 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foundation global epidemiology\n                    study","volume":"35","author":"S R Knowles","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2541-2821.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T22:54:51Z","timestamp":1750719291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2541-2821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"07","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2541-2821","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-4622","1439-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-4622","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]}}}