{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T23:00:53Z","timestamp":1785452453276,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aktuelle Urol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Skene\u2019s glands are recognised as the female equivalent of the male prostate gland. They can be affected by a variety of benign, inflammatory, or malignant conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This review critically analyses the current literature on the diagnosis and management of non-malignant lesions associated with Skene\u2019s gland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A comprehensive search of Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed\/MEDLINE was conducted, focusing on non-malignant lesions of Skene\u2019s gland while excluding studies involving newborns and animals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Sixty relevant articles were identified, primarily comprising small case series. The benign lesions reviewed include cysts, hyperplasia, tubular-squamous vaginal polyps, leiomyomas, adenofibromas, and Skene\u2019s gland lithiasis. Inflammatory conditions such as abscesses and female prostatitis were also analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Physical examination, ultrasound, cystoscopy, MRI, and micro-ultrasound are essential diagnostic modalities for evaluating Skene\u2019s gland pathologies. Timely conservative or surgical interventions can effectively manage benign conditions, with treatment options typically guided by the severity of symptoms. This review underscores the necessity for further research into the biology of Skene\u2019s gland, particularly regarding potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications, and emphasizes the importance of a routine evaluation of Skene\u2019s gland in urological and gynaecological practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2546-1307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T22:26:45Z","timestamp":1742941605000},"page":"400-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Benign and Inflammatory Lesions of the Human Female Prostate: A Narrative Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3473-4446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radion","family":"Garaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany","place":["T\u00fcbingen"],"department":["Urology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnulf","family":"Stenzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany","place":["T\u00fcbingen"],"department":["Urology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Tsaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany","place":["T\u00fcbingen"],"department":["Urology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Harland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany","place":["T\u00fcbingen"],"department":["Urology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2039-8904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bastian","family":"Amend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany","place":["T\u00fcbingen"],"department":["Urology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-011-1558-1","article-title":"Skene\u2019s gland revisited: function, dysfunction and the G spot","volume":"23","author":"PL Dwyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(48)90157-4","article-title":"The detailed anatomy of the paraurethral ducts in the adult human female","volume":"55","author":"JW Huffman","year":"1948","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1159\/000474724","article-title":"The \u201eFemale Prostate\u201c: Location, Morphology, Immunohistochemical Characteristics and Significance","volume":"22","author":"N Wernert","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1869","article-title":"The anatomy and pathology of two important glands of the female urethra","volume":"13","author":"AJ Skene","year":"1880","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Dis Women Child"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.07.024","article-title":"Does female ejaculation serve an antimicrobial purpose?","volume":"73","author":"S Moalem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-022-06810-y","article-title":"The complexity of female orgasm and ejaculation","volume":"308","author":"L Arias-Castillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2021.12.002","article-title":"Should We Call It a Prostate? 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