{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T04:12:09Z","timestamp":1764303129008,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Die chronische Rhinitis z\u00e4hlt zu den h\u00e4ufigsten Erkrankungen der oberen Atemwege\n                    bei Hund und Katze. Als Ursache wird eine multifaktorielle Genese diskutiert,\n                    bei der infekti\u00f6se, allergische oder immunmediierte Faktoren eine Rolle spielen\n                    k\u00f6nnen. Bei der Katze geht man davon aus, dass die Erkrankung oftmals Folge\n                    einer vorausgegangenen Virusinfektion ist. Betroffene Tiere k\u00f6nnen einseitigen\n                    oder beidseitigen ser\u00f6sen bis mukopurulenten Nasenausfluss oder Epistaxis\n                    zeigen. Eine Diagnose wird anhand verschiedener diagnostischer Verfahren, einer\n                    histopathologischen Untersuchung von Nasenschleimhautbiopsien sowie durch\n                    Ausschluss anderer Nasenh\u00f6hlenpathologien wie Neoplasien, Pilzinfektionen,\n                    Zahnerkrankungen, Polypen, Parasiten oder Fremdk\u00f6rpern gestellt. Sekund\u00e4r kann\n                    die chronische Rhinitis durch bakterielle Begleitinfektionen verkompliziert\n                    werden. Nasensp\u00fclungen, Inhalationstherapie und schleiml\u00f6sende Medikamente zur\n                    Verbesserung der mukozili\u00e4ren Clearance bilden die Basis der Langzeittherapie.\n                    Zus\u00e4tzlich kann bei einigen Patienten ein Ansprechen auf entz\u00fcndungshemmende\n                    Medikamente wie Kortikosteroide oder nicht steroidale Antiphlogistika beobachtet\n                    werden. Die Gabe von Antibiotika wird kontrovers diskutiert und f\u00fchrt in der\n                    Regel nicht zu einer Heilung der Symptome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2548-1533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T19:03:36Z","timestamp":1744743816000},"page":"82-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Die chronische Rhinitis bei Hund und Katze \u2013 eine Literatur\u00fcbersicht\n                    zu \u00c4tiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Niedenf\u00fchr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Kleintiere, Universit\u00e4t Leipzig"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Z\u00f6llner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kleintierklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianka","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kleintierklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.7.1032","article-title":"Chronic nasal discharge in cats 75 cases","volume":"230","author":"J L Demko","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/s1098-612x(03)00044-5","article-title":"A retrospective study of non-specific rhinitis in 22 cats and the value of nasal\n                    cytology and histopathology","volume":"5","author":"L Michiels","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(94)50102-5","article-title":"Pathogenesis and Treatment of Feline Rhinitis","volume":"24","author":"D R Van Pelt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(94)50101-3","article-title":"Pathogenesis and Treatment of Canine Rhinitis","volume":"24","author":"D R Van Pelt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1024\/0036-7281\/a000330","article-title":"[Chronic diseases of the nose and nasal sinuses in cats: a retrospective\n                    study]","volume":"154","author":"A Galler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2005.12.014","article-title":"Canine chronic inflammatory rhinitis","volume":"21","author":"R C Windsor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"E1","article-title":"Feline focus: Update on feline upper respiratory diseases: condition-specific\n                    recommendations","volume":"32","author":"J Quimby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Compendium (Yardley, PA)"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2019.10.005","article-title":"Chronic rhinitis in the cat an Update","volume":"50","author":"N Reed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Clin Small Anim"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2019.11.002","article-title":"Canine nasal disease an Update","volume":"50","author":"L A Cohn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Clin Small Anim"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02854.x","article-title":"Molecular Detection of Microbes in Nasal Tissue of Dogs with Idiopathic\n                    Lymphoplasmacytic Rhinitis","volume":"20","author":"R C Windsor","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.224.1952","article-title":"Idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis in dogs: 37 cases (1997\u20132002)","volume":"224","author":"R C Windsor","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/s0195-5616(85)50100-x","article-title":"Diseases of the nose and sinuses","volume":"15","author":"A M Norris","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"936","volume-title":"Bacterial Respiratory Infections. In Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat","author":"C E Greene","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0176736","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176736","article-title":"Bacterial microbiome of the nose of healthy dogs and dogs with nasal\n                    disease","volume":"12","author":"B Tress","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.579","article-title":"Assessment of infectious organisms associated with chronic rhinosinusitis in\n                    cats","volume":"227","author":"L R Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"149","article-title":"Feline idiopathic chronic rhinosinusitis: a retrospective study of 30 cases","volume":"28","author":"L Cape","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0180299","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180299","article-title":"Bacterial microbiome in the nose of healthy cats and in cats with nasal\n                    disease","volume":"12","author":"E S Dorn","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x19872428","article-title":"Comparison of signalment, clinical, laboratory and radiographic parameters in\n                    cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis","volume":"22","author":"M Grotheer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1892\/0891-6640(2000)014<0282:ebid>2.3.co;2","article-title":"Eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in dogs","volume":"14","author":"C Clercx","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.111593","article-title":"Rhinosinusitis in severe asthma","volume":"107","author":"M Bresciani","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.224.1952","article-title":"Idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis in dogs: 37 cases (1997-2002)","volume":"224","author":"R C Windsor","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2003.08.005","article-title":"Investigation of nasal disease in the cat \u2013 a retrospective study of 77\n                    cases","volume":"6","author":"S M Henderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v85i1.1151","article-title":"Idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis in 33 dogs","volume":"85","author":"R Lobetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J S Afr Vet Assoc"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2005.12.013","article-title":"Chronic rhinitis in cats","volume":"21","author":"N F Kuehn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"309","article-title":"Radiation therapy for tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in\n                    dogs","volume":"50","author":"K M Elliot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"224","article-title":"A retrospective study of chronic nasal disease in 75 dogs","volume":"80","author":"R Lobetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Jl SAfrvetAss"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"71","article-title":"A retrospective study of canine persistent nasal disease 80 cases","volume":"49","author":"E Meler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1999.tb02998.x","article-title":"Aetiology and diagnosis of persistent nasal disease in the dog a retrospective\n                    studv of 42 cases","volume":"40","author":"S Tasker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Small Anmal Practice"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.9.1319","article-title":"Comparison of serologic evaluation via agar gel immunodiffusion and fungal\n                    culture of tissue for diagnosis of nasal aspergillosis in dogs","volume":"230","author":"J S Pomrantz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14567","article-title":"Evaluation of Serum Aspergillus-Specific Immunoglobulin A by Indirect ELISA for\n                    Diagnosis of Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Aspergillosis","volume":"30","author":"A Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.196.09.1470","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of a cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination test for\n                    diagnosis of cryptococcosis in cats","volume":"196","author":"L Medleau","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1996.tb15445.x","article-title":"A latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test for diagnosis and monitoring of\n                    therapy for cryptococcosis","volume":"74","author":"R Malik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Australian veterinary journal"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.3.357","article-title":"Clinical features and epidemiology of cryptococcosis in cats and dogs in\n                    California: 93 cases (1988-2010)","volume":"239","author":"S R Trivedi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.214.04.502","article-title":"Evaluation of serologic and viral detection methods for diagnosing feline\n                    herpesvirus-1 infection in cats with acute respiratory tract or chronic ocular\n                    disease","volume":"214","author":"D J Maggs","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2000.tb01464.x","article-title":"Distinguishing rhinitis and nasal neoplasia by radiography","volume":"41","author":"M Russo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2010.11.3.249","article-title":"Clinical findings, rhinoscopy and histological evaluation of 54 dogs with\n                    chronic nasal disease","volume":"11","author":"M Pietra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Tc13","DOI":"10.7860\/jcdr\/2015\/13842.6133","article-title":"Diagnostic Utility of Conventional Radiography in Head Injury","volume":"9","author":"H Chawla","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R319","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/19\/r01","article-title":"In vivo small-animal imaging using micro-CT and digital subtraction\n                    angiography","volume":"53","author":"C T Badea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/s1098-612x(03)00023-8","article-title":"Radiographic signs in cats with nasal disease","volume":"5","author":"C R Lamb","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00380.x","article-title":"The diagnostic yield of conventional radiographs and computed tomography in dogs\n                    and cats with maxillofacial trauma","volume":"37","author":"Y Bar-Am","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2005.12.010","article-title":"Nasal computed tomography","volume":"21","author":"N F Kuehn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2015.06.002","article-title":"Tomography, Radiography, and Rhinoscopy in Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant\n                    Lesions Affecting the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses in Dogs: Comparative\n                    Study","volume":"30","author":"A Auler Fde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Top Companion Anim Med"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.202.07.1106","article-title":"Comparison of computed tomography with radiography as a noninvasive diagnostic\n                    technique for chronic nasal disease in dogs","volume":"202","author":"E C Codner","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2003.tb01269.x","article-title":"Retrospective assessment of computed tomographic imaging of feline sinonasal\n                    disease in 62 cats","volume":"44","author":"W C Schoenborn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2006.00134.x","article-title":"Association between clinical characteristics, computed tomography\n                    characteristics, and histologic diagnosis for cats with sinonasal disease","volume":"47","author":"T C Tromblee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12279","article-title":"Combination of computed tomographic imaging characteristics of medial\n                    retropharyngeal lymph nodes and nasal passages aids discrimination between\n                    rhinitis and neoplasia in cats","volume":"56","author":"S Nemanic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12187","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of three biopsy techniques in 117 dogs with intra-nasal\n                    neoplasia","volume":"55","author":"B J Harris","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2005.12.011","article-title":"Basics in canine and feline rhinoscopy","volume":"21","author":"M Elie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00153.x","article-title":"Diagnosis of canine nasal aspergillosis by cytological examination: a comparison\n                    of four different collection techniques","volume":"47","author":"D De Lorenzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2008.12.004","article-title":"Effect of sample collection methodology on nasal culture results in cats","volume":"11","author":"L R Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0863-6667","article-title":"Nasal discharge in dogs \u2013 are microbiological and histopathological examinations\n                    clinically useful?","volume":"47","author":"S Rosch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15827","article-title":"Upper digestive tract abnormalities in dogs with chronic idiopathic\n                    lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis","volume":"34","author":"P Gianella","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00321.x","article-title":"Computed tomography as an aid in the diagnosis of chronic nasal disease in\n                    dogs","volume":"46","author":"J Lefebvre","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.225.395","article-title":"Correlation of rhinoscopic signs of inflammation with histologic findings in\n                    nasal biopsy specimens of cats with or without upper respiratory tract\n                    disease","volume":"225","author":"L R Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1159\/000342992","article-title":"Histopathologic and morphometric evaluation of the nasal and pulmonary airways\n                    of cats with experimentally induced asthma","volume":"160","author":"C M Venema","year":"2013","journal-title":"International archives of allergy and immunology"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.158.8.269","article-title":"Bacteriological and antibiotic sensitivity test results in 271 cats with\n                    respiratory tract infections","volume":"158","author":"B S Schulz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1998.tb03652.x","article-title":"Comparative field evaluation of marbofloxacin tablets in the treatment of feline\n                    upper respiratory infections","volume":"39","author":"O Dossin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2008.00672.x","article-title":"Effect of sampling method and incubation temperature on fungal culture in canine\n                    sinonasal aspergillosis","volume":"50","author":"F Billen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612x15569615","article-title":"Sampling sites for detection of feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus and\n                    Chlamydia felis in cats with feline upper respiratory tract disease","volume":"17","author":"C Schulz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2019.10.009","article-title":"Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease","volume":"50","author":"K L Reagan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13620-018-0131-3","article-title":"The evaluation of three treatment protocols using oral prednisone and oral\n                    meloxicam for therapy of canine idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis: a pilot\n                    study","volume":"71","author":"E Kaczmar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ir Vet J"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.09.018","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of meloxicam versus ketoprofen in cats suffering from\n                    painful acute locomotor disorders","volume":"13","author":"C M Morton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/s0091-0279(75)50078-x","article-title":"Clinical toxicities of cats","volume":"5","author":"C E Atkins","year":"1975","journal-title":"The Veterinary clinics of North America"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"296","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and tolerance of meloxicam in dogs with chronic\n                    osteoarthritis","volume":"41","author":"P A Doig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"1575","article-title":"[Peripheral analgesics]","volume":"29","author":"J M Benoist","year":"1979","journal-title":"La Revue du praticien"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00515","article-title":"Side Effects to Systemic Glucocorticoid Therapy in Dogs Under Primary Veterinary\n                    Care in the UK","volume":"7","author":"D A Elkholly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0917-6245","article-title":"[Feline asthma and chronic bronchitis \u2013 an overview of diagnostics and\n                    therapy]","volume":"47","author":"M Grotheer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14627","article-title":"Antimicrobial use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs\n                    and Cats: Antimicrobial Guidelines Working Group of the International Society\n                    for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases","volume":"31","author":"M R Lappin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"volume-title":"Plumb's veterinary drug handbook","year":"2018","author":"D C Plumb","key":"ref72"},{"volume-title":"Veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","year":"2018","author":"J E Riviere","key":"ref74"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2004.04.001","article-title":"Oesophageal strictures in cats associated with doxycycline therapy","volume":"7","author":"A J German","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0870-0801","article-title":"[Treatment of acute viral feline upper respiratory tract infections]","volume":"47","author":"M Bergmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Einsatz von H1-Antihistaminika in der Veterin\u00e4rmedizin","volume":"97","author":"K Rossbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Der Praktische Tierarzt"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1121","article-title":"Effects of drug treatment on inflammation and hyperreactivity of airways and on\n                    immune variables in cats with experimentally induced asthma","volume":"66","author":"C R Reinero","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2013.03.005","article-title":"Management of Respiratory Emergencies in Small Animals","volume":"43","author":"C Sumner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"237","article-title":"Guidelines for safe and effective use of NSAIDs in dogs","volume":"6","author":"B D Lascelles","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Ther"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2006.00322.x","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cats: a review","volume":"34","author":"B D Lascelles","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"565","article-title":"Lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis in five dogs","volume":"23","author":"D C Burgener","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.05.010","article-title":"Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in cats. ABCD guidelines on prevention and\n                    management","volume":"11","author":"H Egberink","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"423","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella\n                    bronchiseptica from dogs and cats as determined in the BfT-GermVet monitoring\n                    program 2004-2006","volume":"120","author":"S Schwarz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-1135(99)00171-6","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility of canine Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates","volume":"71","author":"A J Speakman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2012.11.001","article-title":"Randomized masked controlled clinical trial to compare 7-day and 14-day course\n                    length of doxycycline in the treatment of Mycoplasma felis infection in shelter\n                    cats","volume":"36","author":"B Kompare","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.28.5.698","article-title":"Susceptibility of feline herpesvirus 1 and a feline calicivirus to feline\n                    interferon and recombinant human leukocyte interferons","volume":"28","author":"R W Fulton","year":"1985","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.8.1406","article-title":"Effects of human recombinant alpha-2b interferon and feline recombinant omega\n                    interferon on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus-1","volume":"67","author":"N Siebeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.210","article-title":"Effects of interferon-alpha on cytopathic changes and titers for feline\n                    herpesvirus-1 in primary cultures of feline corneal epithelial cells","volume":"66","author":"L S Sandmeyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.09.030","article-title":"Limited efficacy of topical recombinant feline interferon-omega for treatment of\n                    cats with acute upper respiratory viral disease","volume":"202","author":"A C Ballin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2008.11.012","article-title":"Treatment of Feline Herpesvirus-1 Associated Disease in Cats with Famciclovir\n                    and Related Drugs","volume":"11","author":"R Malik","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.1.85","article-title":"Evaluation of orally administered famciclovir in cats experimentally infected\n                    with feline herpesvirus type-1","volume":"72","author":"S M Thomasy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010213","article-title":"Antihistamines for Allergic Rhinitis Treatment from the Viewpoint of Nonsedative\n                    Properties","volume":"20","author":"H Kawauchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1136\/inp.f633","article-title":"Chronic nasal discharge and sneezing in cats","volume":"35","author":"K Sturgess","year":"2013","journal-title":"In Practice"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.05.006","article-title":"Snots and snuffles: rational approach to chronic feline upper respiratory\n                    syndromes","volume":"12","author":"M Scherk","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006063","article-title":"Feline herpesvirus","volume":"38","author":"R Gaskell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006056","article-title":"Feline calicivirus","volume":"38","author":"A D Radford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15843","article-title":"Clinical response to 2 protocols of aerosolized gentamicin in 46 dogs with\n                    Bordetella bronchiseptica infection (2012-2018)","volume":"34","author":"A Morgane Canonne","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.09.010","article-title":"Endotracheal nebulization of N-acetylcysteine increases airway resistance in\n                    cats with experimental asthma","volume":"13","author":"C R Reinero","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/s0195-5616(85)50109-6","article-title":"Inhalation therapy. Oxygen administration, humidification, and aerosol\n                    therapy","volume":"15","author":"M H Court","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1008786600530","article-title":"A review of the technical aspects of drug nebulization","volume":"22","author":"P P Le Brun","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharm World Sci"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.1990.tb01123.x","article-title":"Ventral rhinotomy in the dog and cat","volume":"18","author":"D L Holmberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Veterinary surgery : VS"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.1987.tb00924.x","article-title":"The treatment of chronic sinusitis in six cats by ethmoid conchal curettage and\n                    autogenous fat graft sinus ablation","volume":"16","author":"G I Anderson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Vet Surg"}],"container-title":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere \/ Heimtiere"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2548-1533.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T04:07:56Z","timestamp":1764302876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2548-1533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2548-1533","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-1239","2567-5842"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1434-1239"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2567-5842"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}}}