{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T05:23:10Z","timestamp":1773033790832,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Certain racial and ethnic groups have historically been labeled \u201chigh-risk\u201d for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Our objective was to identify the psychosocial, behavioral, and medical factors associated with GDM and determine if they differ by race\/ethnicity.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Secondary analysis of a multicenter, prospective cohort study of pregnant nulliparous individuals with singleton gestations (2010\u20132013). The primary outcome was GDM. Psychosocial, behavioral, and medical characteristics were compared by self-reported race\/ethnicity. Multivariable logistic regression with backward selection identified factors associated with GDM. Interaction terms between race\/ethnicity and risk factors were tested.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Of 8,672 pregnant individuals, 61% were non-Hispanic White, 13% non-Hispanic Black, 17% Hispanic, 4% Asian, and 5% other. The incidence of GDM differed by race\/ethnicity with 4% non-Hispanic White, 3% non-Hispanic Black, 5% Hispanic, 11% Asian, and 5% other (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Of 34 psychosocial, behavioral, and medical factors, those associated with GDM were parent with history of diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33\u20132.23), non-English language (aOR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.14\u20135.79), daily calorie intake (aOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08\u20131.29), daily fiber intake (aOR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.75\u20130.94), maternal age (aOR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.37\u20131.70), prepregnancy BMI (aOR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.44), and waist circumference (aOR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.03\u20131.43). These associations did not differ based on race\/ethnicity (interaction p-values\u2009&gt;\u20090.1).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Replacing race\/ethnicity as a risk factor for GDM with significant upstream psychosocial, behavioral, and medical factors should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2554-0925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T19:36:27Z","timestamp":1743276987000},"page":"2024-2031","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Psychosocial, Behavioral, and Medical Drivers of Gestational Diabetes among Racial-Ethnic Groups"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Austin B.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of OBGYN, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"},{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of OBGYN, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6011-8161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Macie L.","family":"Champion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of OBGYN, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Janevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn M.","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of OBGYN, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley N.","family":"Battarbee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of OBGYN, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.023","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045","volume":"138","author":"N H Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707943","article-title":"Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"358","author":"B E Metzger","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J 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