{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T04:19:16Z","timestamp":1744431556652,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal bone density and structure, often leading to vision loss due to optic canal stenosis and consequent nerve compression. Early intervention is critical to prevent irreversible damage. This case report discusses the management of bilateral optic nerve compression in an infant with osteopetrosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A 7-month-old male with a family history of osteopetrosis presented with hepatosplenomegaly. The infant was diagnosed with osteopetrosis based on radiological findings and genetic testing. Ophthalmologic examination and magnetic resonance imaging showed evidence of bilateral optic nerve compression. Endoscopic transcaruncular optic nerve decompression was not attainable The patient underwent a bilateral expanded endoscopic endonasal medial orbital wall and optic canal decompression.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This is one of the few reported cases of endoscopic endonasal optic nerve decompression surgery on an infant. Endoscopic endonasal optic nerve decompression surgery is a viable and effective treatment option for optic nerve compression in infants with osteopetrosis, especially in cases where cost of surgery is a limiting factor for patients. This approach provides direct access to the optic canal with minimal morbidity, offering significant potential for visual recovery, and an improved quality of life. Our patient represents the youngest reported infant in the literature, demonstrating the potential for undergoing this surgical approach at the earliest possible age to aid with his prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2554-2426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:59:38Z","timestamp":1741741178000},"page":"e65-e71","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bilateral Endoscopic Endonasal Optic Nerve Decompression in an Infant with Osteopetrosis: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8239-8222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita M.","family":"Jalkh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"Yammine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Zalaquett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Houssein","family":"Darwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeina","family":"Korban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-4-5","article-title":"Osteopetrosis","volume":"4","author":"Z Stark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-008-9196-4","article-title":"Infantile malignant, autosomal recessive osteopetrosis: the rich and the poor","volume":"84","author":"A Villa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"27","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra040952","article-title":"Osteopetrosis","volume":"351","author":"J Tolar","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/77131","article-title":"Defects in TCIRG1 subunit of the vacuolar proton pump are responsible for a subset of human autosomal recessive osteopetrosis","volume":"25","author":"A Frattini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82004-9","article-title":"Bone marrow transplantation for autosomal recessive osteopetrosis. A report from the Working Party on Inborn Errors of the European Bone Marrow Transplantation Group","volume":"125","author":"E J Gerritsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.68.1.0080","article-title":"Optic nerve decompression in osteopetrosis","volume":"68","author":"O Al-Mefty","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198810000-00011","article-title":"Optic nerve decompression for osteopetrosis in early childhood","volume":"23","author":"S J Haines","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2018.05.012","article-title":"Bilateral endoscopic optic nerve decompression in an infant with osteopetrosis","volume":"23","author":"A Medsinge","year":"2019","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.12.009","article-title":"Navigation-assisted, endonasal, endoscopic optic nerve decompression for the treatment of nontraumatic optic neuropathy","volume":"47","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000487086","article-title":"Urgent optic nerve decompression via an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for craniopharyngioma in a 12-month-old infant: a case report","volume":"53","author":"T Shibata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref11","first-page":"CASE23559","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal optic nerve decompression in children younger than 2 years old with congenital optic canal stenosis: illustrative cases","volume":"8","author":"P H Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3368\/aoj.63.1.107","article-title":"Osteopetrosis","volume":"63","author":"P F Jenkins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Orthopt J"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.02.042","article-title":"Endoscopic optic canal decompression for compressive optic neuropathy","volume":"18","author":"D S Kong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1969.tb04767.x","article-title":"Therapeutic studies in osteopetrosis. 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