{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T08:25:59Z","timestamp":1785831959527,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this narrative review was to discuss data on contraception in diabetes\n                    mellitus (DM). Women with DM rarely discuss contraception with their physicians,\n                    and healthcare providers offer advice to a very limited number of them. Overall,\n                    1 in 8 women with DM using contraception methods was found to use an ineffective\n                    one. A further issue relates to drug-drug interactions between anti-diabetic\n                    medications and oral contraceptives. Generally, anti-diabetic agents do not\n                    alter the pharmacologic profile of hormonal contraception. However, preliminary\n                    results indicate that some novel anti-diabetic agents may even render oral\n                    contraceptive methods ineffective. Several implants can be also generally used\n                    by women with both DM types. The relationship between oral contraceptives and\n                    diabetic complications has not been clarified yet. In general, implants,\n                    intra-uterine devices or progestin-only contraceptives are considered safe\n                    options for women with DM. However, short-term use of combined hormonal\n                    contraception is also feasible for women without severe complications or risk\n                    factors. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2561-9460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:29:11Z","timestamp":1742344151000},"page":"268-277","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Contraception and Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Theodoros","family":"Panou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal\n                    Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of\n                    Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evanthia","family":"Gouveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal\n                    Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of\n                    Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeliki","family":"Gerede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Maternal-Foetal-Medicine, Department of\n                    Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Democritus University of Thrace - Alexandropoulis\n                    Campus, Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Tsikouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Democritus\n                    University of Thrace - Alexandropoulis Campus, Alexandroupolis,\n                    Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Papazoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal\n                    Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of\n                    Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7320-785X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Papanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal\n                    Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of\n                    Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S282","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S015","article-title":"15. 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The Wisconsin\n                    epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"22","author":"B E Klein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4226","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1978","article-title":"GLP-1 increases preovulatory LH source and the number of mature follicles, as\n                    well as synchronizing the onset of puberty in female rats","volume":"156","author":"V Outeiri\u00f1o-Iglesias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01041-8","article-title":"The microbial metabolite agmatine acts as an FXR agonist to promote polycystic\n                    ovary syndrome in female mice","volume":"6","author":"C Yun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402583","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1402583","article-title":"Tirzepatide against obesity and insulin-resistance: Pathophysiological aspects\n                    and clinical evidence","volume":"15","author":"S Corrao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.10.037","article-title":"The impact of tirzepatide and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists on oral\n                    hormonal contraception","volume":"64","author":"J W Skelley","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2561-9460.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T23:24:49Z","timestamp":1747783489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2561-9460"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2561-9460","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-7349","1439-3646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-7349","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]}}}