{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:15:55Z","timestamp":1790961355519,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Res (Stuttg)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common urological condition in aging men. The\n                    anthelmintic agent niclosamide ethanolamide exhibits a wide range of\n                    pharmacological activities. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect\n                    of niclosamide ethanolamide in testosterone propionate-induced benign prostatic\n                    hyperplasia in rats along with elucidating the probable mechanism of action by\n                    investigating the influence on PPAR-\u03b3 and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin. 40 male Wistar rats\n                    were divided randomly into 4 groups. The healthy (control) group, received daily\n                    oral and subcutaneous administration of the vehicle. The Induced (TP) group,\n                    received only a daily dose of testosterone propionate 3\u2009mg\/kg, SC for 28 days.\n                    The treated groups (TP+FIN) and (TP+NE), received a concomitant administration\n                    of a daily dose of testosterone propionate along with finasteride 5\u2009mg\/kg\/day\n                    and niclosamide ethanolamide 50\u2009mg\/kg\/day respectively through oral gavage.\n                    Animals were euthanized on day 30 of the experiment and prostate tissue samples\n                    were collected to evaluate prostate index, prostate hyperplastic markers by\n                    ELISA, and gene expression by RT-qPCR. Results revealed that niclosamide\n                    ethanolamide significantly reduced prostate index compared to the induced (TP)\n                    group (P&lt;0.0001). The agent nearly normalized BPH markers including\n                    5\u03b1-reductase type-2 enzyme, dihydrotestosterone, and PCNA compared to the\n                    induced (TP) group (P&lt;0.0001). The agent reduced the tissue level of\n                    \u03b2-catenin while elevating PPAR-\u03b3 to control levels (P&lt;0.05). The current\n                    study revealed that NE can help prevent BPH in rats by upregulating the PPAR-\u03b3\n                    receptor and inhibiting the Wnt pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2576-4153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T22:40:46Z","timestamp":1745880046000},"page":"225-234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Protective Effects of Niclosamide Ethanolamine Against\n                    Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Ali Hussein","family":"Jasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University,\n                    Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Rahmah","family":"Abu-Raghif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University,\n                    Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7011-5186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeena Ayad","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University,\n                    Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16081189","article-title":"Effects of Taraxaci Herba (Dandelion) on Testosterone Propionate-Induced Benign\n                    Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats","volume":"16","author":"S M Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1159\/000496289","article-title":"Pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and benign prostatic\n                    enlargement: a mini-review","volume":"65","author":"S Madersbacher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontology."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23102638","article-title":"Anti-proliferative effects of HBX-5 on progression of benign prostatic\n                    hyperplasia","volume":"23","author":"B R Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-020-00743-1","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effect of diallyl sulfide on experimentally-induced benign\n                    prostate hyperplasia via the suppression of CD4+T\/IL-17 and TGF-\u03b21\/ERK\n                    pathways","volume":"28","author":"E M Elbaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0b013e32834d9bfd","article-title":"\u03b1-Blockers for benign prostatic hyperplasia: the new era","volume":"22","author":"H Lepor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current opinion in urology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9456020","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9456020","article-title":"Crosstalk between the androgen receptor and PPAR gamma signaling pathways in the\n                    prostate","volume":"2017","author":"E Olokpa","year":"2017","journal-title":"PPAR research"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05805-1","article-title":"Mitochondrial uncoupling reveals a novel therapeutic opportunity for\n                    p53-defective cancers","volume":"9","author":"R Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004978","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1004978","article-title":"The magic bullet: Niclosamide","volume":"12","author":"H Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oncology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(82)90064-X","article-title":"The biology and toxicology of molluscicides, Bayluscide","volume":"19","author":"P Andrews","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pharmacology & therapeutics"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0092-6","article-title":"Effect of mitochondrial uncouplers niclosamide ethanolamine (NEN) and\n                    oxyclozanide on hepatic metastasis of colon cancer","volume":"9","author":"A Alasadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell death & disease"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175993","article-title":"&quot;Canagliflozin Alleviates Experimentally Induced Benign Prostate\n                    Hyperplasia in a Rat Model: Exploring Potential Mechanisms Involving\n                    Mir-128b\/EGFR\/EGF and JAK2\/STAT3 Signaling Pathways through in 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                via Inhibition of 5\u03b1-reductase and \u03b11-adrenoceptor.\u201d","volume":"11","author":"D Tusubira","year":"2023","journal-title":"In Silico Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4985","article-title":"Androgenic to oestrogenic switch in the human adult prostate gland is regulated\n                    by epigenetic silencing of steroid 5\u03b1-reductase 2","volume":"243","author":"Z Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of pathology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030682","article-title":"Effects of alginate oligosaccharide on testosterone-induced benign prostatic\n                    hyperplasia in orchiectomized rats","volume":"15","author":"Y J Jang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-22-690","article-title":"5-alpha reductase inhibitors use in 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reports"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5977","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115977","article-title":"The Antifungal Potential of Niclosamide and Structurally Related\n                    Salicylanilides","volume":"25","author":"B Biersack","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16050735","article-title":"Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Niclosamide Analogs as Therapeutic Agents\n                    for Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer","volume":"16","author":"B Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1159\/000490140","article-title":"Niclosamide exhibits potent anticancer activity and synergizes with sorafenib in\n                    human renal cell cancer cells","volume":"47","author":"X Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19818","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69250-5","article-title":"Pharmacological investigation of new niclosamide-based isatin hybrids as\n                    antiproliferative, antioxidant, and apoptosis inducers","volume":"14","author":"M M Omran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04573-7","article-title":"The anthelmintic drug niclosamide induces GSK-\u03b2-mediated \u03b2-catenin degradation\n                    to potentiate gemcitabine activity, reduce immune evasion ability and suppress\n                    pancreatic cancer progression","volume":"13","author":"Y Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death & Disease"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624112","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.624112","article-title":"PPARgamma in metabolism, immunity, and cancer: unified and diverse mechanisms of\n                    action","volume":"12","author":"M Hernandez-Quiles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in endocrinology"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991059","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.991059","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and its natural agonists in the\n                    treatment of kidney diseases","volume":"13","author":"V Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109941","article-title":"Niclosamide modulates cyclosporin A-induced hepatotoxicity in a mouse model:\n                    PPAR-\u03b3 and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin crosstalk","volume":"117","author":"S A Faheem","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20943823","article-title":"The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research","volume":"40","author":"N Percie du Sert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"}],"container-title":["Drug 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