{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T06:41:33Z","timestamp":1785739293341,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"09","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015322","name":"National Cancer Center Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020-J-3,2023-J-03,26-A-4,29-A-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-J-3,2023-J-03,26-A-4,29-A-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP15ck0106062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP15ck0106062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endoscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Esophageal stricture causes severe distress to patients; however, there are no established treatments for esophageal anastomotic strictures refractory to endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD). Steroid injection added to EBD and radial incision and cutting (RIC) are effective for such strictures, but it is unclear which is more effective. The objective of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of RIC plus steroid injection compared with EBD plus steroid injection for patients with refractory anastomotic strictures after esophagectomy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This was a multicenter, randomized phase II\/III trial. Patients with esophageal\n        anastomotic strictures refractory to three or more dilations were eligible. The primary\n        endpoint in phase II was the proportion of predefined grade 3\/4 adverse events (AEs). The\n        co-primary endpoints in phase III were restricture-free survival and number of EBDs in the\n        24 weeks after treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>130 patients were enrolled, with a dysphagia score of grade 2 in 104 patients (80.0%). The median number of dilations before registration was five in each arm. Predefined grade 3\/4 AEs occurred in two patients (3.1%) in each arm. Restricture-free survival was 10.6 weeks (95%CI 6.9\u201320.1 weeks) with EBD and 8.7 weeks (95%CI 7.1\u201310.9 weeks) with RIC (one-sided P=0.82). The median number of EBDs in the 24 weeks after initial treatment was one (interquartile range [IQR] 0\u20132) for EBD and two (IQR 0\u20133) for RIC (one-sided P=0.99).<\/jats:p><jats:p>EBD combined with steroid injection is the standard treatment for refractory anastomotic stricture after esophagectomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2577-2119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T19:15:19Z","timestamp":1747422919000},"page":"980-989","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Endoscopic balloon dilation with steroid injection versus radial incision and cutting with steroid injection for refractory esophageal anastomotic stricture: a randomized study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"57","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"umin000014017","registry":"10.18810\/umin-japan"}],"author":[{"given":"Ikuo","family":"Aoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Japanese Red Cross Otsu Hospital, Otsu, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Takizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kozo","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gakuto","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Clinical Oncology Group Data Center\/Operations Office, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Clinical Oncology Group Data Center\/Operations Office, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6803-6718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshinobu","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endoscopy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Setoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Japan Red Cross Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0408-3494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Kadota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center-Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuaki","family":"Nagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9815-1557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuto","family":"Hikichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima City North Medical Center Asa Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Urabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endoscopy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Doyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ko","family":"Nagino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Tamaoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immuno-Oncology PDT, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2736-6921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiichiro","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center-Hospital East, Kashiwa, 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