{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T20:59:51Z","timestamp":1781816391091,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["CONNECT-GENERATE grant (no. 01GM1908A and 01GM2208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONNECT-GENERATE grant (no. 01GM1908A and 01GM2208"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Encephalitis in children is a serious inflammatory brain disease caused by infectious or autoimmune-mediated processes. The frequency of autoimmune variants in pediatric populations is not entirely clear.<\/jats:p><jats:p>To study the frequency of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody (ab)-mediated autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in children included in the Meningitis\/Encephalitis register of Lower Saxony (MERIN).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Medical records of 1,341 children treated between 2011 and 2020 in two large children's hospitals participating in a prospective study on encephalitis (MERIN) were reviewed. Children meeting diagnostic criteria for possible AE were finally included if serum samples and informed re-consent were available. Children with pathogen-mediated encephalitis were also included as controls. All available serum samples were tested for MOG- and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies (abs) using cell- and tissue-based assay (TBA).<\/jats:p><jats:p>We included 55 children of whom 16 had pathogen-associated meningoencephalitis. Thirty-nine out of fifty-five children were classified as possible AE and 3\/39 fulfilled the criteria for MOG ab-associated disease (MOGAD). No patients' sera harbored NMDAR abs. However, 5\/39 patients fulfilled the criteria for probable, auto-ab-negative AE.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In line with recent research our study suggests that ab-mediated AE and probable ab-negative AE are rare in children. The existing criteria seem suitable for identifying patients with AE but should include the testing of serum MOG abs. Further yet unknown abs may play a role in children with AE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2579-6247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T19:12:51Z","timestamp":1744312371000},"page":"226-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["MOG-Encephalitis is the Most Prevalent Autoimmune Encephalitis in Children: MERIN Study Data on Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Ruth Helena","family":"Fellmeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Datteln, University Witten\/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lampros","family":"Kousoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Datteln, University Witten\/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Christoph","family":"Korenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-J\u00fcrgen","family":"Christen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masyar","family":"Monazahian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Governmental Institute of Public Health of Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Dargvainiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus-Peter","family":"Wandinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Leypoldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel\/L\u00fcbeck, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Rost\u00e1sy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Datteln, University Witten\/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"09","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1708712","article-title":"Antibody-mediated encephalitis","volume":"378","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9","article-title":"A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"15","author":"F Graus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1086\/589747","article-title":"The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"47","author":"A R Tunkel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect 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One"}],"container-title":["Neuropediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2579-6247.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T12:32:48Z","timestamp":1752064368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2579-6247"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2579-6247","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0174-304X","1439-1899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0174-304X","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-1899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]}}}