{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:27:33Z","timestamp":1788564453732,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Seit dem 28.01.2022 sind Tierarzneimittel gem\u00e4\u00df Zulassungsbedingungen\n                        anzuwenden (VO (EU) 2019\/6, Art. 106). Dies bringt weitere Einschr\u00e4nkungen\n                        in der Therapiefreiheit z.\u2009B. zu Dosisabweichungen mit sich, weil jede\n                        abweichende Anwendung von der Fachinformation ein Off-Label-Use darstellt.\n                        Zum Umfang des Off-Label-Uses von Antibiotika liegen bisher keine Daten in\n                        der Pferdemedizin vor, auf deren Basis die Umsetzbarkeit der neuen\n                        Reglementierungen in Deutschland eingesch\u00e4tzt werden kann.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Zur Erhebung der Daten zum Off-Label-Use von Antibiotika wurde daher eine\n                        deutschlandweite anonyme Online-Befragung als quantitative\n                        Querschnittsstudie durchgef\u00fchrt, die bis zu 105 Fragen einschloss. Der\n                        Umfrage gingen Experteninterviews und Pilot-Umfragen voran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Insgesamt haben 111 Pferdetier\u00e4rzte die Umfrage vollst\u00e4ndig beantwortet.\n                        88,3% (98\/111) gaben an, Antibiotika off-label verwendet zu haben. H\u00e4ufig\n                        umgewidmet wurden Enrofloxacin, Marbofloxacin, Breitspektrum-Cephalosporine,\n                        Doxycyclin und Metronidazol. Auch zugelassene Pferdearzneimittel mit\n                        Wirkstoffen wie Gentamicin, potenzierten Sulfonamiden,\n                        Benzylpenicillin-Procain und Oxytetrazyclin wurden off-label verwendet, oft\n                        hinsichtlich Indikation, Dosisintervall und Behandlungsdauer. Antibiotika\n                        wurden meist h\u00f6her dosiert, selten prophylaktisch oder f\u00fcr nicht\n                        antibakterielle Zwecke genutzt. Beliebte Kombinationen waren Gentamicin mit\n                        Benzylpenicillin oder mit Amoxicillin. Humanmedizinische Antibiotika wurden\n                        selten eingesetzt.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Wie diese Umfrage best\u00e4tigt, werden Antibiotika h\u00e4ufig nach Tierart und\n                        Indikation in der Pferdemedizin umgewidmet, was in zuk\u00fcnftigen weiteren\n                        Reglementierungen und der \u00dcberarbeitung der Positivliste ber\u00fccksichtigt\n                        werden sollte. Besondere Bedingungen im Infektionsgeschehen rechtfertigen in\n                        vielen F\u00e4llen den Off-Label-Use auch von zugelassenen Pr\u00e4paraten f\u00fcr Pferde.\n                        Diese Umfrage gibt Hinweise darauf, dass manche Dosisrevisionen f\u00fcr\n                        jahrzehntelang eingesetzte Antibiotika, die als Arzneimittel f\u00fcr Pferde\n                        zugelassen sind, zu empfehlen sind. Da hierf\u00fcr wenig finanzielle Anreize f\u00fcr\n                        pharmazeutische Unternehmen bestehen, k\u00f6nnte alternativ die Erstellung von\n                        Therapieleitf\u00e4den f\u00fcr bestimmte Indikationen bei Pferden zu mehr Sicherheit\n                        in der Pferdepraxis bez\u00fcglich der Begr\u00fcndungen eines Off-Label-Use\n                        beitragen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2585-3269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T18:46:13Z","timestamp":1749840373000},"page":"155-168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Off-Label-Use von Antibiotika in der Pferdemedizin \u2013 eine anonyme\n                    deutschlandweite Online-Umfrage"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Tarillion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie, Pharmazie und Toxikologie,\n                    Veterin\u00e4rmedizinische Fakult\u00e4t, Universit\u00e4t Leipzig"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Hertzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie, Pharmazie und Toxikologie,\n                    Veterin\u00e4rmedizinische Fakult\u00e4t, Universit\u00e4t Leipzig"},{"name":"Tierarzt Plus GmbH, Berlin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie, Pharmazie und Toxikologie,\n                    Veterin\u00e4rmedizinische Fakult\u00e4t, Universit\u00e4t Leipzig"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108694","article-title":"Reasons for antimicrobial treatment failures and predictive value of in-vitro\n                    susceptibility testing in veterinary practice: An overview","volume":"245","author":"A Richter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"592","article-title":"Umwidmung von Arzneimitteln in der tier\u00e4rztlichen Praxis: Systemisch wirksame\n                    Antibiotika","volume":"95","author":"M Biedermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prakt Tierarzt"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.2376\/0032-681X-2412","article-title":"How to make veterinary medicines safe(r)? 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