{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:44:29Z","timestamp":1788374669210,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Metab Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the correlation between cortisol secretion and\n                    the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension in patients with\n                    adrenal tumors. A total of 164 patients with benign adrenal tumors were\n                    recruited between January 2019 and December 2024. Cortisol levels were assessed\n                    using a 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test, classifying patients into\n                    three groups: non-functional adrenal tumors (group A, n=73), minimal autonomous\n                    cortisol secretion (MACS, group B, n=64), and MACS with confirmed Cushing\u2019s\n                    syndrome (group C, n=27). Statistical analyses compared the prevalence of\n                    hypertension and T2D across groups. Cortisol concentrations were measured using\n                    high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ELISA. Logistic regression\n                    identified factors influencing hypertension and T2D. The prevalence of\n                    hypertension and T2D was significantly higher in group C compared to groups A\n                    and B (p&lt;0.05). Cortisol concentrations were higher in groups C and B than in\n                    group A (p&lt;0.05), with group C showing the highest levels. Elevated cortisol\n                    in MACS patients was associated with increased hypertension risk (p&lt;0.05) and\n                    higher rates of T2D (p&lt;0.05). Age was a significant predictor, with a 9%\n                    increase in risk for each additional year. Cortisol secretion in adrenal tumor\n                    patients is linked to T2D and hypertension. As cortisol levels and age increase,\n                    so does the risk of these conditions, highlighting cortisol as a potential\n                    biomarker for managing these comorbidities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2586-3681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T22:52:46Z","timestamp":1748991166000},"page":"338-345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Study on the Correlation Between Cortisol Secretion and Type\n                    2 Diabetes and Hypertension in Patients with Adrenal Tumors"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Jiao","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of\n                    Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianjun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of\n                    Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of\n                    Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangbin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of\n                    Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of\n                    Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9023-0943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of\n                    Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvae145","article-title":"Cardiovascular status in endogenous cortisol excess: the prospective CV-CORT-EX\n                    study","volume":"191","author":"C Morbach","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220191","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.220191","article-title":"Adrenal neoplasms: lessons from adrenal multidisciplinary tumor boards","volume":"43","author":"R Chung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1750","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad765","article-title":"Kidney function in patients with adrenal adenomas: a single-center retrospective\n                    cohort study","volume":"109","author":"L Rahimi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae164","article-title":"Approach to the patient with bilateral adrenal masses","volume":"109","author":"D A Vassiliadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1827-4113","article-title":"Comorbidities in mild autonomous cortisol secretion \u2013 a clinical review of\n                    literature","volume":"130","author":"A Czapla-Iskrzycka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2023.11.090","article-title":"Fibroblastic reticular-cell tumor of the adrenal gland with multiple relapse\n                    events: a case report and literature review","volume":"47","author":"L Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-1737","article-title":"Cardiometabolic disease burden and steroid excretion in benign adrenal tumors :\n                    a cross-sectional multicenter study","volume":"175","author":"A Prete","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2022.3544","article-title":"American association of endocrine surgeons guidelines for adrenalectomy:\n                    executive summary","volume":"157","author":"L Yip","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.08.008","article-title":"Adrenal gland solitary fibrous tumor","volume":"98","author":"R D Whaley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/08880018.2021.2013368","article-title":"Bilateral adrenal primary tumor in Stage 4S neuroblastoma: the Italian\n                    experience and review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"S Montalto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.12.003","article-title":"A clinical perspective on ectopic Cushing's syndrome","volume":"35","author":"O Ragnarsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad066","article-title":"European society of endocrinology clinical practice guidelines on the management\n                    of adrenal incidentalomas, in collaboration with the European network for the\n                    study of adrenal tumors","volume":"189","author":"M Fassnacht","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-022-01101-3","article-title":"Circulating endothelial and angiogenic cells predict hippocampal volume as a\n                    function of HIV status","volume":"29","author":"R McIntosh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1159\/000519482","article-title":"Primary adrenal glomus tumor: the first case report","volume":"106","author":"Y Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-024-02387-2","article-title":"Screening of hypercortisolism among patients with hypertension: an Italian\n                    nationwide survey","volume":"47","author":"G Di Dalmazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2021.11.006","article-title":"Adrenal tumor with thrombus in the inferior vena cava","volume":"160","author":"T Yoshida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.05.062","article-title":"Modeling of tumor control probability in stereotactic body radiation therapy for\n                    adrenal tumors","volume":"110","author":"P K Stumpf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3331","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab512","article-title":"Approach to the patient with adrenal incidentaloma","volume":"106","author":"I Bancos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"S8","article-title":"Comorbidities in mild autonomous cortisol secretion and the effect of treatment:\n                    systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"189","author":"IC M Pelsma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad088","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical features of armadillo repeat-containing 5 mutations\n                    carriers in a single center cohort of patients with bilateral adrenal\n                    incidentalomas","volume":"189","author":"V Morelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-1131","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism with mild autonomous cortisol secretion increases renal\n                    complication risk","volume":"186","author":"T Katabami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e075368","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075368","article-title":"Intersectional stigma and the non-communicable disease syndemic in the context\n                    of HIV: protocol for a multisite, observational study in the USA","volume":"14","author":"M R Friedman","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-1619","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of adrenal tumors in an unselected screening\n                    population: a cross-sectional study","volume":"175","author":"Y Jing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac034","article-title":"Clinical, pathophysiologic, genetic, and therapeutic progress in primary\n                    bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"44","author":"J Bertherat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1629-y","article-title":"Association between cortisol, insulin resistance and zinc in obesity: a\n                    mini-review","volume":"191","author":"JB S Morais","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00100-0","article-title":"Age-dependent and sex-dependent disparity in mortality in patients with adrenal\n                    incidentalomas and autonomous cortisol secretion: an international,\n                    retrospective, cohort study","volume":"10","author":"T Deutschbein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7379","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322174111","article-title":"Voluntary activation of the sympathetic nervous system and attenuation of the\n                    innate immune response in humans","volume":"111","author":"M Kox","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"56","article-title":"A case-control study on the association between serum cortisol and\n                    hypertension","volume":"41","author":"H Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Forum"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"443","article-title":"Prevalence of hyperglycaemia in patients with adrenocorticotropic\n                    hormone-stimulating tumours and its postoperative changes","volume":"30","author":"W Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Diabetes"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01836-1","article-title":"The degree of cortisol secretion is associated with diabetes mellitus and\n                    hypertension in patients with nonfunctioning adrenal tumors","volume":"22","author":"V Favero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-017-0011-4","article-title":"The presence of nonfunctioning adrenal incidentalomas increases arterial\n                    hypertension frequency and severity, and is associated with cortisol levels\n                    after dexamethasone suppression test","volume":"32","author":"M Arruda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1020","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad665","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk markers in adults with adrenal incidentaloma and mild\n                    autonomous cortisol secretion","volume":"109","author":"A X Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Hormone and Metabolic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2586-3681.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T22:53:26Z","timestamp":1748991206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2586-3681"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2586-3681","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-5043","1439-4286"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-5043","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-4286","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}}}