{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:13:38Z","timestamp":1790460818361,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The jugular foramen (JF) is a critical anatomical structure that houses the lower cranial nerves (IX, X, and XI), making it a key focus in neurosurgical procedures. Variations, such as ossified dural septations within the JF, can significantly impact surgical outcomes. The present study investigates the incidence and impact of these ossifications on JF morphometry, providing insights crucial for surgical planning and execution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We analyzed bilaterally 120 adult dried skulls to assess the presence of accessory foramina (AF), proposing that these represent ossified dural septations. Morphometric measurements of the JF, including height and width, were taken in both cases with and without AF with the use of digital caliper. A thorough literature review was conducted to correlate the findings with clinical implications, and statistical analyses were used to determine significant morphological differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A complete AF was identified in 2.92% of skulls and an incomplete one in 0.42%. Ossified dural septations were associated with significantly reduced JF height and width. This reduction may hinder intraoperative manipulation, especially of the lower cranial nerves, increasing the potential for complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The findings underscore the need to recognize JF variants, especially ossified septations, in neurosurgical practice. These variants can complicate surgical approaches to the skull base, highlighting the need for careful preoperative assessment. Future studies are warranted to explore the clinical ramifications of these findings, particularly to patient outcomes in skull base surgeries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2587-5982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T19:19:01Z","timestamp":1744744741000},"page":"e59-e64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Accessory Foramina Presence Significantly Narrows the Jugular Foramen: Anatomical Study with Potential Neurosurgical Significance"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0122-2436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Triantafyllou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6221-7537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Paschopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5662-8354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1381-8528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabino","family":"Luzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1933-1355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Galzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6414-9504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Olewnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Anatomy, Masovian Academy in P\u0142ock, P\u0142ock, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8559-8969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Tsakotos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9851-7769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol","family":"Zielinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Anatomy, Masovian Academy in P\u0142ock, P\u0142ock, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8032-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"\u0141ab\u0119towicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Anatomy, Masovian Academy in P\u0142ock, P\u0142ock, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4831-8005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Piagkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"ref1","first-page":"2703","article-title":"Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice","volume":"26","author":"S Standring","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1543973","article-title":"Dural septation on the inner surface of the jugular foramen: an anatomical study","volume":"76","author":"R S Tubbs","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2018.08.011","article-title":"Like a hole in the head: development, evolutionary implications and diseases of the cranial foramina","volume":"91","author":"I M McGonnell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.04.010","article-title":"Variations and classification of bony septations of the jugular foramen: an anatomic and histologic study with application to imaging and surgery of the skull base","volume":"163","author":"Y Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.05.271","article-title":"Intraforaminal dural septations of the jugular foramen: a cadaveric study","volume":"141","author":"U B Akdag","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.03.272","article-title":"Meningeal architecture of the jugular foramen: an anatomic study using plastinated histologic sections","volume":"127","author":"L Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.12.178","article-title":"Compartmental subdivisions of the jugular foramen: a review of the current models","volume":"136","author":"J D Bond","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-019-04120-4","article-title":"The condylar canal and emissary vein-a comprehensive and pictorial review of its anatomy and variation","volume":"35","author":"S Lachkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.01.028","article-title":"The forgotten intermediate condylar canal: anatomic study with application to skull base surgery","volume":"161","author":"W L Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-023-03226-4","article-title":"A morphological study on the sphenoid bone ligaments' ossification pattern","volume":"45","author":"M Piagkou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.09.006","article-title":"Anterolateral approach for retrostyloid superior parapharyngeal space schwannomas involving the jugular foramen area: a 20-year experience","volume":"132","author":"S Luzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-020-01344-w","article-title":"Lower cranial nerve syndromes: a review","volume":"44","author":"S Gutierrez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S267","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200009001-00026","article-title":"Jugular foramen","volume":"47","author":"A L Rhoton Jr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2587-5982.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T23:39:05Z","timestamp":1773099545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2587-5982"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2587-5982","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-6331","2193-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-6331","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]}}}