{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T23:26:25Z","timestamp":1788218785590,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ZonMw Open Competition grant of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research","award":["#09120012010109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#09120012010109"]}]},{"name":"South African PSC patient foundation","award":["#20837"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#20837"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Liver Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>IgG4-related cholangitis (IRC) is a rare fibroinflammatory disease of the biliary tree and liver and presents the major hepatobiliary manifestation of IgG4-related systemic disease (IgG4-RD). IRC also includes the IgG4-related inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver and IgG4-related cholecystitis. IRC mimics other cholangiopathies such as primary sclerosing cholangitis or cholangiocarcinoma. IRC may be found in 30 to 60% of cases with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis, the most frequent manifestation of IgG4-RD. The pathogenesis of IRC (and IgG4-RD) is incompletely understood. Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, oligoclonal glucocorticosteroid-sensitive expansion of IgG4+ B cells\/plasmablasts in blood and affected tissue and blocking autoantibody formation against protective IgG4-specific autoantigens such as annexin A11 and laminin 511-E8 with impaired protection of biliary epithelia against toxic bile acids have been described in IRC. Specific T cell subtypes are involved in the inflammatory process. The diagnosis of IRC is made according to HISORt criteria comprising histopathology, imaging, serology, other organ manifestations, and response to therapy. Treatment of IRC aiming to prevent organ failure and improve symptoms includes remission induction with highly effective glucocorticosteroids and long-term maintenance of remission with immunomodulators such as glucocorticosteroid sparing additives or B cell depleting approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2588-3875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T18:57:44Z","timestamp":1746730664000},"page":"381-396","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["IgG4-Related Cholangitis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Beuers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Trampert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.08.005","article-title":"IgG4-related cholangitis - a mimicker of fibrosing and malignant cholangiopathies","volume":"79","author":"R Kersten","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-050219-034449","article-title":"Clinical perspectives on IgG4-related disease and its classification","volume":"73","author":"G Katz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00529-y","article-title":"IgG4-related diseases of the digestive tract","volume":"19","author":"J M L\u00f6hr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.010","article-title":"Hepatobiliary acid-base homeostasis: insights from analogous secretory epithelia","volume":"74","author":"D C Trampert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2012.72","article-title":"Consensus statement on the pathology of IgG4-related disease","volume":"25","author":"V Deshpande","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13683","article-title":"Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related autoimmune hepatitis and IgG4-hepatopathy: a histopathological and clinical perspective","volume":"51","author":"A Tanaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1584320","article-title":"Histopathology of IgG4-related autoimmune hepatitis and IgG4-related hepatopathy in IgG4-related disease","volume":"36","author":"Y Nakanuma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-021-01509-0","article-title":"Immunoglobulin G4-related autoimmune hepatitis simultaneously concomitant with autoimmune pancreatitis: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Y Yokoyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01879134","article-title":"Verschluss der Gallenwege durch Verdickung der Wandungen","volume":"39","author":"C Hoffmann","year":"1867","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Anat Physiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1159\/000360513","article-title":"IgG4-associated cholangitis","volume":"32","author":"U Beuers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196307042690102","article-title":"Sclerosing cholangitis: its possible association with Riedel's struma and fibrous retroperitonitis. 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