{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T23:11:50Z","timestamp":1778022710246,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anterior skull base surgery is commonly used for the surgical treatment of a variety of skull base lesions. One uncommon, but serious postoperative complication of this procedure is meningitis. Prophylactic antibiotics are widely used but with considerable variability in duration and regimes due to lack of guidelines. This systematic review was carried out to determine the benefit of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing meningitis in patients undergoing endonasal anterior skull base surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The review was undertaken according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Online searches including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and gray literature were performed up to May 2, 2024. Articles reporting on patients undergoing endoscopic anterior skull base surgery, the use or not of prophylactic antibiotics, and follow-up outcomes were included for selection. Data extracted included demographics, pathology, prophylactic antibiotic duration\/type, nasal pack use, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, meningitis rates, sinusitis rates, and other complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 32 studies were included in this systematic review, totaling 26,477 patients published between 1981 and 2023. The overall rate of developing meningitis with any duration of use of antibiotics was 2%. Patients receiving intraoperative antibiotics alone had a higher rate of subsequent meningitis (3%) compared with patients receiving a postoperative course of 24\u2009hours or a longer course (1%). Patients who had an intraoperative or postoperative CSF leak had a higher rate of meningitis (10%) than those without (0%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This review indicates that postoperative antibiotic course may be more effective in preventing meningitis. Patients who develop a CSF leak have a higher risk of developing meningitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2607-5527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T20:17:48Z","timestamp":1747253868000},"page":"e83-e94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Prophylaxis Antibiotics in the Prevention of Meningitis in Endonasal Anterior Skull Base Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Azfar","family":"Javed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad U.","family":"Farooq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alburaiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad S.","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3266-4015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haissan","family":"Iftikhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Northamptonshire, Northampton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"07","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3853-9","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of endoscopic endonasal approach for skull base surgery: a prospective study","volume":"273","author":"E Rioja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21008","article-title":"Endoscopic skull base surgery and its impact on sinonasal-related quality of life","volume":"2","author":"E D McCoul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"Doc08","article-title":"The transnasal approach to the skull base. 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