{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T01:06:26Z","timestamp":1760403986056,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overweight and obesity are common among women of reproductive age. 43.8% of\n                        women in Germany and 50% of women in the US entering their pregnancy have a\n                        body mass index (BMI)\u226525. Studies indicate that gestational overweight is\n                        associated with maternal and neonatal complications.<\/jats:p><jats:p>2034 women from 2015 until 2018 were included. Trends in BMI, gestational\n                        weight gain, pregnancy outcome, complications, neonatal weight, and outcome\n                        were analyzed. Gestational weight gain was evaluated according to the\n                        Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. <\/jats:p><jats:p>34% of the population were overweight with a BMI\u226525. The overall weight gain\n                        was similar across BMI groups (median 11.0\u201314.0 kg). 44.1% gained more than\n                        recommended. These women were at higher risk of labor induction (33.1% vs.\n                        27.0%, p=0.003), unplanned cesarean section (18.6% vs. 13.6%, p=0.004),\n                        lower incidence of spontaneous vaginal birth (54.5% vs. 59.9%, p=0.009), and\n                        higher neonatal birth weight (&gt;90th percentile, 14.5% vs.\n                        5.7%, p&lt;0.001). Gestational diabetes was linked to a lower gestational\n                        weight gain (odds ratio 0.92, confidence interval 0.90\u20130.95,\n                        p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p>One third of the analyzed population was already overweight or obese at the\n                        beginning of the pregnancy. In 44.1% of cases, weight gain during pregnancy\n                        exceeded the recommended amount. This was associated with complications in\n                        pregnancy and labor as well as higher neonatal birth weight. This study\n                        highlights the importance of prenatal counseling and intervention on BMI and\n                        weight gain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2607-8668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T19:04:52Z","timestamp":1750273492000},"page":"355-362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Overweight and obesity in pregnancy \u2013 a retrospective cohort study in\n                    Germany"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"229","author":[{"given":"Clara","family":"Illi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics, Charit\u00e9 University Hospital Berlin, Berlin,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Hellmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics, Vivantes Hospital in\n                    Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Groening","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychotherapy, Private practice for psychotherapy, Berlin,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josefine","family":"K\u00f6nigbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics, Charit\u00e9 University Hospital Berlin, Berlin,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2803-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Kummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics, Vivantes Hospital in\n                    Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Reinhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charit\u00e9 University Hospital\n                    Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Rostin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics, Charit\u00e9 University Hospital Berlin, Berlin,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g1285","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1285","article-title":"Antenatal lifestyle advice for women who are overweight or obese: LIMIT\n                    randomised trial","volume":"348","author":"J M Dodd","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-008-0388-3","article-title":"Prepregnancy obesity prevalence in the United States, 2004\u20132005","volume":"13","author":"S Y Chu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Matern Child Health 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long-term overweight risk: systematic review and a\n                    meta-analysis including 643,902 persons from 66 studies and 26 countries\n                    globally","volume":"7","author":"K Schellong","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00867.x","article-title":"Birth weight and subsequent risk of obesity: a systematic review and\n                    meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Z B Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f4539","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f4539","article-title":"Maternal obesity during pregnancy and premature mortality from cardiovascular\n                    event in adult offspring: follow-up of 1 323 275 person years","volume":"347","author":"R M Reynolds","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e290","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1808","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in childhood: association with birth weight, maternal\n                    obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"115","author":"C M Boney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05482","article-title":"Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"444","author":"S E Kahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/01.Aog.0000102706.84063.C7","article-title":"The association of maternal weight with cesarean risk, labor duration, and\n                    cervical dilation rate during labor induction","volume":"103","author":"F S Nuthalapaty","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12113709","article-title":"Glucose levels of the oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) can predict adverse\n                    pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes (GDM)","volume":"12","author":"S Balke","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2023-0170","article-title":"Advanced maternal age (AMA) and 75\u202fg oGTT glucose levels are pedictors for\n                    insulin therapy in women with gestational diabetes (GDM)","volume":"51","author":"J T Koenigbauer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7169","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12227169","article-title":"The CHANGED Score \u2013 A new tool for the prediction of insulin dependency in\n                    gestational diabetes","volume":"12","author":"P Rostin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(09)60731-5","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and\n                    meta-analysis","volume":"373","author":"L Bellamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2007.00397.x","article-title":"Maternal obesity and risk of cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"S Y Chu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-23","article-title":"Gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcomes \u2013 a systematic review of the World\n                    Health Organization (WHO) and the International Association of Diabetes in\n                    Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) diagnostic criteria","volume":"12","author":"E M Wendland","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.745506","article-title":"Cesarean delivery in obese women: a comprehensive review","volume":"26","author":"B P Wispelwey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.3635","article-title":"Association of gestational weight gain with maternal and infant outcomes: A\n                    systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"317","author":"R F Goldstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-005-0003-9","article-title":"Population-based assessment of the risk of primary cesarean delivery due to\n                    excess prepregnancy weight among nulliparous women delivering term infants","volume":"9","author":"P M Dietz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e112","DOI":"10.1097\/aog.0000000000001211","volume-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No 156: Obesity in Pregnancy","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\n                            (ACOG)","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318142cdf4","article-title":"Obstetric anal sphincter injury: incidence, risk factors, and management","volume":"247","author":"T C Dudding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000141442.59573.cd","article-title":"Reasons for increasing trends in large for gestational age births","volume":"104","author":"P J Surkan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15661","article-title":"Impact of maternal body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy\n                    complications: an individual participant data meta-analysis of European, North\n                    American and Australian cohorts","volume":"126","author":"S Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707943","article-title":"Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"358","author":"B E Metzger","year":"2008","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.2269","article-title":"Maternal body mass index and the risk of fetal death, stillbirth, and infant\n                    death: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"311","author":"D Aune","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37168","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37168","article-title":"Association of pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain with\n                    cesarean section in term deliveries of China","volume":"6","author":"C Xiong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j3119","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j3119","article-title":"Effect of diet and physical activity based interventions in pregnancy on\n                    gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes: meta-analysis of individual\n                    participant data from randomised trials","volume":"358","author":"International Weight Management in Pregnancy (i-WIP)\n                            Collaborative Group","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2607-8668.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T22:34:12Z","timestamp":1760394852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2607-8668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2607-8668","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0948-2393","1439-1651"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0948-2393"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1439-1651"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]}}}