{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:12:41Z","timestamp":1787868761294,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) cysts extending through the skull base into the middle cranial fossa (MCF) are rare, with limited data on clinical progression and treatment. This study retrospectively analyzed three cases of TMJ cysts with MCF extension managed by a multidisciplinary team. Clinical presentation, imaging, surgical resection, outcomes, and a literature review are presented.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Three patients presenting with otalgia and TMJ tenderness were found to have intracranial cysts communicating with the TMJ. Two patients had been transferred with suspected intracranial abscesses; one presented for workup of headache and trigeminal neuralgia. All three demonstrated elevation of inflammatory markers. Two patients had TMJ aspiration, notable for leukocytosis and crystalline deposition, another had frank purulence. One patient demonstrated pneumocephalus within the cyst on imaging. The intracranial cysts ranged from 1.2 to 3.3\u2009cm in maximum diameter, with their bony defects ranging from &lt;1 to 4\u2009mm. Two patients underwent craniotomy, cyst resection, and repair of the middle fossa defect, while the third opted for observation. Pathology of the white gelatinous fluid within the two resected growths demonstrated benign cysts.<\/jats:p><jats:p>TMJ cysts with intracranial extension, while rare, require careful differentiation from intracranial abscesses. Surgical urgency may be indicated in cases demonstrating clinical signs of infection. Additionally, TMJ cysts with intracranial extension benefit from surgical removal and skull base repair to relieve symptoms and prevent future complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2620-3584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T23:40:46Z","timestamp":1748302846000},"page":"e127-e132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Management of Rare Temporomandibular Joint Cysts with Intracranial Extension: A Case Series and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Poynter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Massini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E938","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000232658.58796.F0","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint cyst presenting as trigeminal neuropathy and middle fossa mass: case report","volume":"59","author":"J R Vender","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.10.JNS111247","article-title":"Ganglion cyst of the temporomandibular joint with intracranial extension in a patient presenting with seventh cranial nerve palsy","volume":"116","author":"M L Mumert","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182a1ac1c","article-title":"Neurotologic skull base access for primary tumors of the 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temporomandibular joint and skull base region: our classification and reconstruction experience","volume":"76","author":"M J Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/30011413","article-title":"The thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa in the temporomandibular joint: relationship to the MRI findings","volume":"35","author":"K Matsumoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"8795036","article-title":"Chronic skull base erosion from temporomandibular joint disease causes generalized seizure and profound lactic acidosis","volume":"2018","author":"M A Dobish","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Crit Care"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2013.10.019","article-title":"Surgical treatment of synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint with erosion of the skull base: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"43","author":"M Pau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.10.JNS182665","article-title":"Ganglion cyst of the temporomandibular joint with intradural extension: case report","volume":"132","author":"A P Kamer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b18-00442","article-title":"Inflammation and temporomandibular joint derangement","volume":"42","author":"M Ibi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurological Surgery 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