{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T23:44:02Z","timestamp":1765583042016,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ultraschall Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Approximately 0.8\u200a% of all children are born with heart defects, with the prenatal incidence naturally being even higher. Among all congenital heart defects (CHD), conotruncal anomalies are the most common critical heart defects \u2013 after ventricular and atrial septal defects. Conotruncal anomalies are anomalies of the infundibulum (conus arteriosus) and great vessels (truncus arteriosus). These anomalies predominantly affect the right ventricular outflow tract and account for about 25\u201330\u200a% of all CHD cases. Based on their incidence and clinical relevance, this article describes perimembranous ventricular septal defects (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), pulmonary atresia with VSD (PAVSD), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and the less common double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and truncus arteriosus communis (TAC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conotruncal anomalies are usually associated with a normal 4-chamber view, so the prenatal detection rate during prenatal care tends to be low. However, because undetected conotruncal anomalies have high rates of postnatal mortality and morbidity, in accordance with internationally recommended policies, the foetal heart should always be examined systematically and segmentally in different sectional planes, including the outflow tract and in combination with the color Doppler, to achieve a higher detection rate. This article provides an overview of prenatal sonographic diagnosis of conotruncal anomalies based on extensive imaging material.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2620-4784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T22:41:51Z","timestamp":1757371311000},"page":"536-559","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Conotruncal Anomalies of the Fetus"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ingo","family":"Gottschalk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prenatal Medicine, Gynecological Ultrasound and Fetal Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Menzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prenatal Medicine, Gynecological Ultrasound and Fetal Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Prenatal Medicine, Gynecological Ultrasound and Fetal Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz009","article-title":"Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970\u20132017: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies","volume":"48","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e028139","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028139","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis and prevalence of critical congenital heart defects: an international retrospective cohort 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Perinat Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-021-06067-x","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis, associated findings and postnatal outcome of fetuses with truncus arteriosus communis","author":"J Abel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15977","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of absent pulmonary valve syndrome from the 1st trimester onward: novel insights into pathophysiology, associated conditions and outcome of a rare cardiac defect","volume":"49","author":"I Gottschalk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12527","article-title":"Isolated ventricular septal defects in the era of advanced fetal echocardiography: risk of chromosomal anomalies and spontaneous closure rate from diagnosis to age of 1 year","volume":"43","author":"O 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septal defect","volume":"39","author":"I Gottschalk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound in Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.083295","article-title":"Prenatally diagnosed pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect: echocardiography, genetics, associated anomalies and outcome","volume":"92","author":"S Vesel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-023-06997-8","article-title":"D-Transposition of the great arteries with restrictive foramen ovale in the fetus: the dilemma of predicting the need for postnatal urgent balloon atrial septostomy","author":"I Gottschalk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1097","volume-title":"Transposition of the great arteries","author":"G Wernovsky","year":"2012","edition":"8th 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