{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T21:35:18Z","timestamp":1757626518946,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare neuroinflammatory disease with an annual incidence of less than 1 case in 1,000,000 in the White population and a median age of onset at 40 years. NMOSD usually presents with optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Various brainstem, cerebellar, diencephalic, and hemispheric symptoms may also occur. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for symptom management and prevention of relapses and disability. We report the case of a prepubertal girl, highlighting unique clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features and the risk of early parenchymal damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2625-0994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T19:31:51Z","timestamp":1748892711000},"page":"338-341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nausea, Vertical Gaze Palsy, and Excessive Sleep: An Unusual Presentation of Pediatric AQP4-Antibody Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Tatjana A.","family":"Oberholzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Plastina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"Sirin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Hackenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00501","article-title":"Epidemiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and its prevalence and incidence worldwide","volume":"11","author":"J Y Hor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"9451","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17551-X","article-title":"A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis","volume":"364","author":"V A Lennon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000314832.24682.c6","article-title":"CNS aquaporin-4 autoimmunity in children","volume":"71","author":"A McKeon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref4","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Effects of age and sex on aquaporin-4 autoimmunity","volume":"69","author":"A M Quek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica","volume":"66","author":"D M Wingerchuk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","article-title":"International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"85","author":"D M Wingerchuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2018170141","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: spectrum of MR imaging findings and their differential diagnosis","volume":"38","author":"B G Dutra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.6702","article-title":"Imaging bithalamic pathology in the pediatric brain: demystifying a diagnostic conundrum","volume":"197","author":"P C Khanna","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11910-z","article-title":"Update on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) - revised recommendations of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS). 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