{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:00:08Z","timestamp":1785279608222,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH), the Ministry of Ayush"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Homeopathy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Assessment of relationship between polar symptoms (PS), such as weather, activity or food, and homeopathic medicines in chronic cough has produced some confusing outcomes. Statistical variation in the data partly explains the seemingly conflicting outcomes in prognostic factor research (PFR) of PS. Classification of statistical probability and selection of statistically reliable data can reduce conflicting outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To make an inventory of statistically reliable PS and their relationship with homeopathic medicines in chronic cough.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective observational cohort study was conducted at 10 outpatient centers of the Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, India. Patients with chronic cough were followed for 12 months. Effect of treatment was assessed using the ORIDL (Outcome in Relation to Impact on Daily Living) instrument, with symptom severity and health status evaluated respectively via the Cough Severity Index and EuroQoL 5D-5L. Prevalence and likelihood ratios (LRs) of PS were calculated for general and medicine-specific populations. Cumulative binomial probability (CBP) was used to determine whether symptom prevalence among good responders to specific medicines significantly differed from that of the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Some LRs were unexpectedly low, which could be explained by asymmetry of frequency distributions, resulting in high prevalence of one symptom pole. CBP for homeopathic medicines was subsequently performed, with 131 symptoms classified as \u2018certain\u2019 or \u2018probable\u2019: 21 symptoms for Arsenicum album, 23 for Bryonia, 11 for Calcarea carbonica, 3 for Lycopodium, 15 for Natrium muriaticum, 5 for Nux vomica, 17 for Phosphorus, 13 for Pulsatilla, 10 for Silicea, and 13 for Sulphur.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conflicting outcomes in PFR of PS can partly be explained by statistical variation. A classification of reliability was not feasible when expressed using the classical 95% confidence interval but could be achieved by CBP, resulting in certain and probable PS for 10 medicines. We still need clinical expertise and corroboration for future research. Practitioners need scientific training to prevent bias and use research instruments such as Likert scales and questionnaires.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2631-9180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T23:12:49Z","timestamp":1761261169000},"page":"152-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Enhancing Homeopathic Prescribing for Chronic Cough by Classifying the Reliability of Polar Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Harleen","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lex","family":"Rutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Breda, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 E.","family":"Eizayaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Homeopathy, Maimonides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalini","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anurag","family":"Bajpai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chetna Deep","family":"Lamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Sachdeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinitha","family":"ER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Homoeopathy Research Institute in Mental Health (NHRIMH), Kottayam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Raizada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. D.P. Rastogi Central Research Institute (Homoeopathy), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rompicherla G.R.","family":"Kiranmayee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Extension Clinical Research Unit of DSU, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bodankar","family":"Rajashekhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Research Institute for Homoeopathy, Gudivada, Krishna Dist., Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chittaranjan","family":"Kundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Anjali Chatterji Regional Research Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaishali","family":"Shinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Research Institute (Homoeopathy), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujata","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Research Institute (H), Puri, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amulya Ratna","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Proving Unit, Dr. Abhin Chandra Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Unit-III, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratan Chandra","family":"Shil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Research Institute for Homoeopathy, Agartala, Tripura, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Chakma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Anjali Chatterji Regional Research Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute for Homoeopathy, MPK Homoeo Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alok","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Anjali Chatterji Regional Research Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Oberai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj K.","family":"Manchanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00370-w","article-title":"Cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough","volume":"8","author":"K F Chung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00218714","article-title":"The global epidemiology of chronic cough in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"W J Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713363","article-title":"Counting polar symptoms: how to represent results?","volume":"110","author":"L Rutten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.4103\/ijrh.ijrh_14_20","article-title":"Optimising the use of polar symptoms in homoeopathy: introduction to a pilot study of prognostic factor research in chronic cough","volume":"14","author":"H Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Res Homoeopathy"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.51910\/ijhdr.v23icf.1304","article-title":"Homoeopathic treatment for chronic cough \u2013 a multicentric, prospective, exploratory trial","volume":"23","author":"H Kaur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J High Dilution Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2544-2807","article-title":"How to assess variation in homeopathic prognostic factor research?","author":"L Rutten","year":"2025","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.4103\/ijrh.ijrh_76_19","article-title":"Prevalence of homoeopathic polar symptoms: a follow-up pilot study conducted in Mumbai in 2017","volume":"14","author":"V Shinde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Res Homoeopathy"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-7-139","article-title":"Outcome related to impact on daily living: preliminary validation of the ORIDL instrument","volume":"7","author":"D Reilly","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718583","article-title":"Data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic: learning from experience, resulting in a Bayesian repertory","volume":"110","author":"L Rutten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s41512-019-0050-0","article-title":"Elaborating on the assessment of the risk of bias in prognostic studies in pain rehabilitation using QUIPS \u2013 aspects of interrater agreement","volume":"3","author":"W JA Grooten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagn Progn Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.05.005","article-title":"GRADE guidelines 17: assessing the risk of bias associated with missing participant outcome data in a body of evidence","volume":"87","author":"G H Guyatt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Homeopathy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2631-9180.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T22:30:46Z","timestamp":1785277846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2631-9180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2631-9180","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-4916","1476-4245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-4916","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]}}}