{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T01:31:43Z","timestamp":1755221503073,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zentralbl Chir"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:p>Die Inkontinenz \u2013 insbesondere die anale Inkontinenz \u2013 stellt f\u00fcr Betroffene eine erhebliche Belastung dar. Sie beeintr\u00e4chtigt die Lebensqualit\u00e4t ma\u00dfgeblich, f\u00fchrt zu Einschr\u00e4nkungen im Alltag und kann eine soziale Isolation zur Folge haben. Die \u00c4tiologie der analen Inkontinenz ist heterogen und oftmals multifaktoriell bedingt. Abh\u00e4ngig von der jeweiligen Genese erfordert die Therapie sowohl ein hohes Ma\u00df an Eigenverantwortung und Disziplin seitens der Patientinnen und Patienten als auch die Akzeptanz der Erkrankung und ihrer Ursachen. F\u00fcr die behandelnden Fachpersonen ist es essenziell, neben fachlicher Expertise auch Empathie und Geduld in die Betreuung einzubringen. Dabei sollte den Betroffenen behutsam vermittelt werden, dass eine vollst\u00e4ndige Wiederherstellung der Kontinenz in den meisten F\u00e4llen nicht realistisch ist. Anale Inkontinenz kann im Rahmen zahlreicher systemischer Erkrankungen, psychischer St\u00f6rungen sowie infolge muskul\u00e4rer, sensorischer oder neurogener\n      Funktionsst\u00f6rungen auftreten. Ebenso ist sie eine m\u00f6gliche Komplikation nach chirurgischen Eingriffen. Eine differenzierte, interdisziplin\u00e4re Abkl\u00e4rung der Ursachen und ihrer Zusammenh\u00e4nge ist daher unerl\u00e4sslich. Die Patientinnen und Patienten sind umfassend \u00fcber die verf\u00fcgbaren therapeutischen Optionen sowie die m\u00f6glichen Grenzen der Behandlung aufzukl\u00e4ren. Der therapeutische Schwerpunkt liegt weiterhin auf konservativen Ma\u00dfnahmen. Operative Verfahren sollten nur dann in Erw\u00e4gung gezogen werden, wenn ein morphologisches Korrelat vorliegt und die Erfolgsaussichten als g\u00fcnstig einzusch\u00e4tzen sind. Eine Ausnahme bildet die sakrale Nervenmodulation, die auch bei idiopathischer Stuhlinkontinenz erfolgreich zur Anwendung kommen kann. Die vorliegende Arbeit versteht sich als praxisorientierte \u00dcbersichtsarbeit und basiert auf klinischer Erfahrung sowie auf der Analyse und Zusammenfassung aktueller wissenschaftlicher Literatur unter Ber\u00fccksichtigung g\u00fcltiger Leitlinien.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2636-2704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T19:19:02Z","timestamp":1751483942000},"page":"372-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chirurgische Therapieoptionen bei der Stuhlinkontinenz"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Momoko","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koloproktologie, Deutsches End- und Dickdarmzentrum Mannheim, Mannheim, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Bussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koloproktologie, Deutsches End- und Dickdarmzentrum Mannheim, Mannheim, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12213","article-title":"Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of Faecal Incontinence-A UEG\/ESCP\/ESNM\/ESPCG collaboration","volume":"10","author":"SL Assmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23783","article-title":"Seventh International Consultation on Incontinence-Research society 2017","volume":"37","author":"P Abrams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-110800","article-title":"[Incontinence \u2013 Etiology, diagnostics and Therapy]","volume":"141","author":"T Frieling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-015-2905-1","article-title":"Fecal Incontinence: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management","volume":"19","author":"K Alavi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2021.07.014","article-title":"Risk of Fecal Incontinence Following Receptive Anal Intercourse: Survey of 21,762 Men Who Have Sex With Men","volume":"18","author":"A Garros","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000408","article-title":"Anal Penetrative Intercourse as a Risk Factor for Fecal Incontinence","volume":"24","author":"J Geynisman-Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.419","article-title":"Anal Intercourse and Fecal Incontinence: Evidence from the 2009\u20132010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"111","author":"AD Markland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00104-021-01465-y","article-title":"[Anal incontinence]","volume":"93","author":"P Manegold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chirurg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-007-9076-4","article-title":"St. Mark\u2019s incontinence score","volume":"50","author":"Y Maeda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050307","article-title":"Etiology and management of fecal incontinence","volume":"36","author":"JM Jorge","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049407","article-title":"New grading and scoring for anal incontinence. 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