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The authors explore how these essential oils can target adaptive mechanisms and interactions of B. burgdorferi, including complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins (CRASPs), immune modulation, motility, chemotaxis, biofilm formation, efflux-pump mechanisms, and cyst formation. The authors identify current research gaps and propose frameworks to substantiate the clinical efficacy of essential oils for Lyme disease treatment. This review indicates that essential oils have multifaceted therapeutic potential and\n          could provide a viable option for early intervention in Lyme disease. Further research is necessary to confirm their clinical applicability and safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2640-4274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T18:53:25Z","timestamp":1750445605000},"page":"866-879","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Therapeutic Potential of Topically Applied Essential Oils in Preventing or Treating Early Borrelia burgdorferi Infection: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Keren","family":"Dolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Maryland University of Integrative Health, Laurel, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Courie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Herbal Product Design and Manufacture, Maryland University of Integrative Health, Laurel, MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Tims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Herbal Product Design and Manufacture, Maryland University of Integrative Health, Laurel, MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7306a1","article-title":"Surveillance for lyme disease after implementation of a revised case definition \u2013 United States, 2022","volume":"73","author":"K J Kugeler","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-022-07445-3","article-title":"The evolving story of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato transmission in Europe","volume":"121","author":"A Steinbrink","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitol 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