{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T04:09:58Z","timestamp":1785384598839,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","funder":[{"name":"Scottish Rugby"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rugby union (\u2018rugby\u2019) is a full-contact sport, with previous studies across the\n                    globe reporting a high incidence of injury. However, no injury surveillance\n                    study of professional male players in Scotland exists in contemporary\n                    literature. The current study therefore aimed to describe the incidence,\n                    severity, burden and nature of match and training injuries sustained by male\n                    professional club rugby players in Scotland. A prospective cohort study of\n                    injuries sustained during matches and training across the 2017\/18 and 2018\/19\n                    seasons was undertaken, with injury and exposure definitions in line with the\n                    international consensus statements. Injury incidence was 136.2\/1,000 player\n                    match hours and 4.1\/1,000 player training hours, the median injury severity was\n                    7.0 days (match) and 7.5 days (training) and injury burden was 2,887.0\/1,000\n                    player match hours and 102.3\/1,000 player training hours. Concussion (match) and\n                    posterior thigh muscle injuries (training) were the most common specific\n                    diagnoses. Injury incidence in this population was higher than reported\n                    elsewhere in previous studies. However, high incidences of tackle injuries and\n                    concussion injuries agree with previous literature, reinforcing the need for\n                    mitigation strategies targeting these areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2640-9131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T22:38:41Z","timestamp":1757371121000},"page":"56-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Match and Training Injuries Sustained by Professional Male Rugby\n                    Union Players in Scotland"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1675-2808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart John","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University,\n                    Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Martindale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University,\n                    Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Engebretsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center,\n                    Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Peter","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Scottish Rugby Union, Edinburgh, United Kingdom\n                    of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,\n                    Edinburgh Sports Medicine Research Network, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great\n                    Britain and Northern Ireland"},{"name":"IOC Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK Collaborating Centre\n                    on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great\n                    Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092860","article-title":"The epidemiology of professional ice hockey injuries: a prospective report of\n                    six NHL seasons","volume":"48","author":"C D McKay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.12.001","article-title":"Four-year match injury 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Project","volume":"55","author":"S W West","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01218-2","article-title":"The Association Between the Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio and Injury and its\n                    Application in Team Sports: A Systematic Review","volume":"50","author":"A Griffin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports medicine (Auckland)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2006.02.009","article-title":"A new framework for research leading to sports injury prevention","volume":"9","author":"C Finch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434060-00001","article-title":"The application of risk management in sport","volume":"34","author":"C Fuller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sports 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Burger","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2020.04.005","article-title":"The effect of physical fatigue on tackling technique in Rugby Union","volume":"23","author":"D Davidow","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0159","article-title":"Mental Fatigue Impairs Tackling Technique in Amateur Rugby Union Players","volume":"18","author":"D Davidow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-021-00322-w","article-title":"3D Biomechanics of Rugby Tackle Techniques to Inform Future Rugby Research\n                    Practice: a Systematic Review","volume":"7","author":"S Edwards","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Med 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A\n                    controlled study in 126 games","volume":"55","author":"K A Stokes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104868","article-title":"Profiling the tackle and its injury characteristics in premier New Zealand club\n                    rugby union players over a complete season","volume":"56","author":"S Takamori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2022-044714","article-title":"Tackling sport-related concussion: Effectiveness of lowering the maximum legal\n                    height of the tackle in amateur male rugby - A cross-sectional analytical\n                    study","volume":"29","author":"R Van Tonder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Injury Prev"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"50","article-title":"Implementing a Worldwide Concussion Programme: The World Rugby Strategy to\n                    Secure Player Welfare","volume":"0","author":"M Raftery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aspetar Sports Med J"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-019-0231-y","article-title":"The performance of the World Rugby Head Injury Assessment Screening Tool: a\n                    diagnostic accuracy study","volume":"6","author":"G W Fuller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-095959","article-title":"It is time to give concussion an operational definition: A 3-step process to\n                    diagnose (or rule out) concussion within 48 h of injury: World Rugby\n                    guideline","volume":"50","author":"M Raftery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-012-9164-5","article-title":"Chronic traumatic 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Sportsmedicine"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509341032","article-title":"Incidence, risk, and protective factors of mild traumatic brain injury in a\n                    cohort of australian nonprofessional male rugby players","volume":"37","author":"S J Hollis","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2011.08.008","article-title":"Long-term Consequences of Repetitive Brain Trauma: Chronic Traumatic\n                    Encephalopathy","volume":"3","author":"R A Stern","year":"2011","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2010.05.020","article-title":"Second Impact Syndrome: Concussion and Second Injury Brain Complications","volume":"211","author":"N M Wetjen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll 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