{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:16:09Z","timestamp":1776442569465,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"CP","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/X033546\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X033546\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endosc Int Open"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current colonoscopies have a recognized limitation. Manual pushing and pulling required by operators provides gross movement in the bowel. Reported pain, therefore, is likely due to the manual force applied. Implementing novel steering techniques with a soft growing robotic system can potentially overcome challenges such as fine control, precise steering, and capability to expand treatment options for complex therapies. This study assessed a novel controlled-growing soft robot compared with a standard colonoscope in terms of force exhibited on a model bowel wall and its clinical implications.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A head-to-head study using a hybrid colon phantom of the left colon was undertaken. Both the novel soft-robot and standard colonoscope were passed through the phantom by endoscopists. Multiple passes were undertaken in the phantom with both colonoscopy methods with force values recorded at two points (rectum and sigmoid) with pressure sensors.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Nine clinical endoscopists (4M:5F, 5 non-expert, 4 expert) were recruited. Average force with the novel robot was 0.25N (rectum) and 0.19N (sigmoid). Average force applied with standard colonoscopy was 2.82N (rectum) and 1.45N (sigmoid).<\/jats:p><jats:p>This study demonstrated an improvement in force with the novel soft robot compared with a standard colonoscope. This suggests the possibility of more comfortable colonoscopy for patients. Currently time taken is longer with the novel robot, which is attributable to the learning curve and improves in subsequent passes. Further work will be undertaken in a complete colon model with aspirations to reach in-vivo experiments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2641-5827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T19:19:08Z","timestamp":1750706348000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Reducing applied force in colonoscopy using a novel soft robotic colonoscope: Head-to-head study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8889-7726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jabed Foyez","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"},{"name":"Gastroenterology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2173-1895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Korn","family":"Borvorntanajanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jialei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ara","family":"Darzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando Rodriguez","family":"Baena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisha","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34622","article-title":"Colonoscopy remains the gold standard for screening despite recent tarnish: Although a recent study seemed to indicate that colonoscopies are not as effective as once thought at detecting colorectal cancer, a closer look at the study clears the confusion","volume":"129","author":"MB Nierengarten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"107","article-title":"Light conductor, an invention for examining internal parts and diseases, together with illustrations","volume":"24","author":"P Bozzini","year":"1806","journal-title":"J Der Pract"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90399-w","article-title":"Development and application of endoscopy","volume":"104","author":"BI Hirschowitz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1971.03190110029007","article-title":"Colonofiberoscopy","volume":"217","author":"W Wolff","year":"1971","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2631774520979591","article-title":"The evolution of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy: where are we now?","volume":"13","author":"A Sivananthan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g7267","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7267","article-title":"Nintendo related injuries and other problems: review","volume":"349","author":"MB Jalink","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.09.042","article-title":"Colonic endoscopic submucosal dissection using a novel robotic system (with video)","volume":"93","author":"PWY Chiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.7602\/jmis.2019.22.4.139","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of robotic surgery; 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