{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T23:18:18Z","timestamp":1783120698153,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to describe our institution's experience with endoscopic approaches to pediatric skull base surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective study of consecutive cases of patients under the age of 18 years who underwent endoscopic skull base surgery performed at our institution between 2016 and 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Postoperative outcomes, including hospital length of stay, 30-day readmission, postop cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, tumor recurrence, intracranial infection, endocrinopathy, visual deficit, or cranial neuropathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 37 surgeries were performed in 32 patients: 32 primary surgeries and 5 revision surgeries. Median patient age was 13.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] 5.3 years) with a slight female predominance (N\u2009=\u200918, 56%). Surgeries were performed for skull base tumor resection (N\u2009=\u200927, 73%), skull base defect repair (N\u2009=\u20095, 14%), optic nerve decompression (N\u2009=\u20093, 8%), and skull base tumor biopsy (N\u2009=\u20092, 5%). Median length of hospital stay was 5 days (IQR 5 days); a single postoperative CSF leak required revision surgery (3%), and three patients developed postoperative intracranial infections (8%). The most common endocrinopathy developed after surgery was transient diabetes insipidus (DI) (N\u2009=\u20096, 16%). There were no cases of internal carotid artery injury, new cranial neuropathies, or vision loss after surgery. Nine of the 25 endoscopic surgeries for a skull base tumor that achieved gross total resection had tumor recurrence (36%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Endoscopic surgery is a safe and efficacious intervention for skull base pathology in pediatric patient populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2646-2274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T19:56:44Z","timestamp":1751399804000},"page":"477-484","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pediatric Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery: Safety, Efficacy, and Lessons Learned"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0962-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Lander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Surgery and Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, Houston, Texas, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Dunsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Chicoine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Limbrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Fully endoscopic expanded endonasal approach treating skull base lesions in pediatric patients","volume":"106","author":"A Kassam","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-006-0114-7","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal approaches to anterior skull base defects in pediatric patients","volume":"22","author":"D Locatelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.8.PEDS18183","article-title":"Long-term impact of pediatric endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery on midface growth","volume":"23","author":"W Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27600","article-title":"Lack of sphenoid pneumatization does not affect endoscopic endonasal pediatric skull base surgery outcomes","volume":"129","author":"E C Kuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"S 02","key":"ref5","first-page":"273","article-title":"Corridor-based endonasal endoscopic surgery for pediatric skull base pathology with detailed radioanatomic measurements","volume":"10","author":"M A Banu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20964","article-title":"Anatomical considerations for endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery in pediatric patients","volume":"120","author":"J R Tatreau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.10.PEDS13303","article-title":"Impact of skull base development on endonasal endoscopic surgical corridors","volume":"13","author":"M A Banu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2014.09.007","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal surgery for sinonasal and skull base lesions in the pediatric population","volume":"48","author":"J C Rastatter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-019-04455-y","article-title":"The limits of endoscopic endonasal approaches in young children: a review","volume":"36","author":"A Kobets","year":"2020","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318031c817","article-title":"Acquisition of surgical skills for endonasal skull base surgery: a training program","volume":"117","author":"C Snyderman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615806","article-title":"Skull base reconstruction in the pediatric patient","volume":"79","author":"I Duek","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.12.019","article-title":"Risk factors for cerebrospinal fluid leak in pediatric patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery","volume":"93","author":"A L Stapleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000234933.37779.e4","article-title":"A novel reconstructive technique after endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches: Vascular pedicle nasoseptal flap","volume":"116","author":"G Hadad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20216","article-title":"Endoscopic pedicled nasoseptal flap reconstruction for pediatric skull base defects","volume":"119","author":"R N Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1617435","article-title":"Nasoseptal flap for skull base reconstruction in children","volume":"79","author":"O Ben-Ari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref16","first-page":"24","article-title":"Outcomes in pediatric endoscopic skull base surgery: A systematic review","volume":"84","author":"E M Lopez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"issue":"S 03","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.10.PEDS12160","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery in the pediatric population","volume":"11","author":"S Chivukula","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820913637","article-title":"Endonasal endoscopic surgery for pediatric sellar and suprasellar lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"163","author":"J A Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.109919","article-title":"Endonasal endoscopic surgery for pediatric anterior cranial fossa encephaloceles: A systematic review","volume":"132","author":"J A Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1621738","article-title":"Pediatric craniopharyngiomas: A primer for the skull base surgeon","volume":"79","author":"C S Graffeo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1617440","article-title":"Fibro-osseous lesions of the skull base in the pediatric population","volume":"79","author":"M Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"ref25","author":"L Wilkinson"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref26","first-page":"CASE23559","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal optic nerve decompression in children younger than 2 years old with congenital optic canal stenosis: illustrative cases","volume":"8","author":"P H Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref27","first-page":"330","article-title":"Clinical and technical factors in endoscopic skull base surgery associated with reconstructive success","volume":"62","author":"A Abiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1924-8166","article-title":"The value of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in endoscopic endonasal resection of pituitary adenoma","volume":"83","author":"A Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.12.PEDS11227","article-title":"Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging to reduce the rate of early reoperation for lesion resection in pediatric neurosurgery","volume":"9","author":"M N Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2646-2274.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:35:08Z","timestamp":1783118108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2646-2274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2646-2274","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-6331","2193-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-6331","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]}}}