{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:58:19Z","timestamp":1792151899495,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"14","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018625","name":"Science and Technology Innovation\n                        Plan Of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22dz1204601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22dz1204601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Heat stress and hypoxia impair athletic performance through inflammation, muscle\n                    injury, and neuromuscular dysfunction. This study examined these effects in 15\n                    endurance athletes (13 males and 2 females, VO2max=59.5\u00b13.9\n                    ml\/min\/kg) performing incremental load tests to exhaustion under normal (CON),\n                    hypoxic (HYP), and high-temperature and humidity (HOT) conditions. Pre- and\n                    postexercise assessments, including blood biomarkers, performance, and surface\n                    electromyography (sEMG) during the counter-movement jump (CMJ) and isometric\n                    mid-thigh pull (IMTP), were conducted under normal conditions. Compared to CON,\n                    time to exhaustion was significantly reduced in HYP and HOT (p&lt;0.05).\n                    CMJ performance declined under CON and HYP (p&lt;0.05). Force at 200 and\n                    250 ms decreased under both CON and HYP during IMTP (p&lt;0.05). The root\n                    mean square (RMS) and the median power frequency (MPF) were decreased under HYP\n                    during CMJ and IMTP (p&lt;0.05). In contrast, no significant differences\n                    in sEMG and kinetic markers were observed in the HOT (p&gt;0.05). No\n                    significant changes in creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were\n                    observed (p&gt;0.05). Postexercise, tumor necrosis factor-alpha was lower\n                    in HYP (p&lt;0.05), while interleukin-6 increased in HOT\n                    (p&lt;0.05). Hypoxia impairs neuromuscular function and suppresses\n                    inflammation, whereas heat stress induces inflammation without neuromuscular\n                    deficits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2647-2236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T19:55:53Z","timestamp":1751399753000},"page":"1068-1079","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hypoxia Impairs Neuromuscular Function More Than Heat After\n                    Incremental Test to Exhaustion"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Zhizhong","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate school, Shanghai University of Sport School of\n                    Exercise and Health, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Competitive Sports Research, Shanghai\n                    Research Institute of Sports Science, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohuan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Competitive Sports Research, Shanghai\n                    Research Institute of Sports Science, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenhao","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Competitive Sports Research, Shanghai\n                    Research Institute of Sports Science, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longji","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate school, Shanghai University of Sport School of\n                    Exercise and Health, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Competitive Sports Research, Shanghai\n                    Research Institute of Sports Science, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3696-8","article-title":"Hypoxia affects tissue oxygenation differently in the thigh and calf muscles\n                    during incremental running","volume":"117","author":"T Osawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7404","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147404","article-title":"Effects of acute exposure to thermal stress on cardiorespiratory function,\n                    skeletal muscle oxygenation, and exercise performance in healthy males","volume":"18","author":"W-S Jung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public 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