{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:14:31Z","timestamp":1787004871204,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rofo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of the study was to retrospectively investigate the efficacy, technical feasibility, and patient safety of bleomycin electrosclerotherapy for lymphatic malformations and lymphatic components of combined veno-lymphatic malformations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Between May 2019 and December 2021, this retrospective, single-center study analyzed the safety and feasibility of bleomycin electrosclerotherapy in patients with lymphatic or combined veno-lymphatic malformations. The procedures, performed under imaging guidance, involved intralesional or intravenous bleomycin injection followed by reversible electroporation. Lesion sizes were measured pre- and post-treatment using T2 fatsat magnetic resonance imaging. Previous treatments, clinical symptoms, intervention details, and complications were documented and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In 21 interventions, 24 lymphatic malformations of 12 patients (mean age: 14.75 years (range: 10 days-35 years; 5 women, 7 men)) were treated. The average bleomycin dose was 3.65 mg per treatment session (range: 0.5\u201315 mg). Before the interventions, the mean volume of the treated malformation was 88.76 cm3 (range: 0.38\u2013541.5 cm3) and after treatment it was 36.7 cm3 (range: 0\u2013204.97 cm3), resulting in an average volume reduction of 54.8%. Among the observed side effects, the most frequent were a temporary postinterventional local inflammatory response and temporary skin discoloration at the injection sites. An additional improvement of clinical symptoms was achieved in all patients after a mean follow-up of 8.36 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Bleomycin electrosclerotherapy appears to be an effective, technically feasible, and safe treatment option for patients with lymphatic malformations but further studies using a prospective approach and longer post-interventional observation period in a larger study population are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2648-6555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T22:57:03Z","timestamp":1759186623000},"page":"624-634","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Therapy of lymphatic malformations or isolated lymphatic components in combined slow-flow malformations with bleomycin electrosclerotherapy (BEST)"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"198","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8644-690X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julius Henry","family":"Loeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, University Hospital Halle, Halle Saale, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Guntau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleksandr","family":"Bidakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, University Hospital Halle, Halle Saale, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"von der Heydt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, University Hospital Halle, Halle Saale, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gussew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, University Hospital Halle, Halle Saale, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, University Hospital Halle, Halle Saale, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter A","family":"Wohlgemuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, University Hospital Halle, Halle Saale, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198203000-00002","article-title":"Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics","volume":"69","author":"JB Mulliken","year":"1982","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr 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