{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:52:03Z","timestamp":1781535123924,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","funder":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["K23HD103875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HD103875"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Society for Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend delivery of gravidae with pregestational diabetes at 36 to 396\/7 weeks based on glycemic control and vascular complications. The optimal gestational age within this wide range is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the risk of adverse outcomes with delivery versus expectant management at increasing gestational ages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study of gravidae with pregestational diabetes who delivered a nonanomalous singleton at \u226536 weeks (2012\u20132022). The primary outcome was composite neonatal morbidity: hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, shoulder dystocia, and perinatal death. Secondary outcomes included composite components, composite severe neonatal morbidity, large-for-gestational-age, small-for-gestational-age (SGA), NICU admission, and cesarean. Poisson regression with robust error variance estimated the association between delivery at 36, 37, and 38 weeks and outcomes, compared with expectant management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Eight hundred forty-three gravidae met inclusion criteria: 235 (28%) type 1 diabetes and 602 (71%) type 2 diabetes. Overall, 146 (17%) delivered at 36 weeks, 283 (34%) at 37 weeks, 217 (26%) at 38 weeks, and 197 (23%) at \u226539 weeks. Compared with expectant management, delivery at 36 weeks was associated with higher odds of composite morbidity (adjusted risk ratio: 1.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.11\u20131.55) as well as hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, SGA, and NICU admission. At 37 and 38 weeks, there was no significant difference in composite morbidity among those delivered versus expectantly managed. However, delivery at 37 weeks was associated with higher odds of hyperbilirubinemia, compared with expectant management. No other outcomes differed between delivery versus expectant management at 37 or 38 weeks. Few associations differed by diabetes type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Based on these results and supporting literature, elective delivery at 36 weeks should be avoided unless necessary. Although the data are inconclusive regarding delivery at 37 weeks, delivery at 38 weeks should be evaluated further for gravidae with pregestational diabetes. Confirmation in a large, contemporary cohort or a randomized trial is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2657-6130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T23:58:02Z","timestamp":1752796682000},"page":"579-586","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimal Timing of Delivery in Pregnant Individuals with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9087-7409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca F.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"},{"name":"Center for Research in Women's Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria C.","family":"Jauk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Women's Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6011-8161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Macie L.","family":"Champion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novant Health Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4837-8059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley N.","family":"Battarbee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"},{"name":"Center for Research in Women's Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1798","article-title":"Association between stillbirth and risk factors known at pregnancy confirmation","volume":"306","author":"R Bukowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12502","article-title":"Women with pre-gestational diabetes have a higher risk of stillbirth at all gestations after 32 weeks","volume":"31","author":"N Holman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e228","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002960","article-title":"Pregestational diabetes mellitus. 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