{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T08:23:31Z","timestamp":1758270211856,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign, often self-limited granulomatous skin condition that typically resolves spontaneously. Treatment is often not required, but topical and injectional corticosteroids are the most common interventions. Excision is effective for diagnosis and temporary treatment, but usually not considered curative. This case report describes the unconventional treatment of a recurrent biopsy-proven GA of the index finger. Due to the combination of the recalcitrant nodules interfering with function and patient preference, the nodules were excised multiple times. Ultimately requiring reconstruction with a pedicled radial forearm flap, the patient thereafter received radiation therapy to prevent recurrence, the combination of which has not been previously described in the literature. The patient was treated successfully without evidence of recurrence at 18 months.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2665-2132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T22:44:30Z","timestamp":1753483470000},"page":"300-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Excision and Regional Flap Reconstruction with Radiation Therapy of Granuloma Annulare of the Digit: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9215-4685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Austin Y.","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2499-8816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda K.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6318-3391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Netscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(80)80181-2","article-title":"Granuloma annulare","volume":"3","author":"J E Muhlbauer","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.03.054","article-title":"Granuloma annulare: Clinical and histologic variants, epidemiology, and genetics","volume":"75","author":"E W Piette","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref3","first-page":"1729","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of granuloma annulare","volume":"74","author":"P R Cyr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70005-0","article-title":"Generalized granuloma annulare: clinical and laboratory findings in 100 patients","volume":"20","author":"K Dabski","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.6.965","article-title":"Subcutaneous granuloma annulare: a review of 47 cases","volume":"100","author":"E I Felner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2007.02.006","article-title":"Subcutaneous granuloma annulare","volume":"26","author":"L Requena","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12976","article-title":"Treatment of generalized granuloma annulare - a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"J Luk\u00e1cs","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2008.00701.x","article-title":"Multiple deep granuloma annulare limited to the cephalic segment in childhood","volume":"25","author":"D R Neto Pimentel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13069","article-title":"Laser treatment of granuloma annulare: a review","volume":"55","author":"S H Verne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-021-00636-1","article-title":"Granuloma annulare: An updated review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment options","volume":"23","author":"T P Joshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-017-0334-5","article-title":"Granuloma annulare: A focused review of therapeutic options","volume":"19","author":"J Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/s100249900043","article-title":"Deep granuloma annulare (pseudorheumatoid nodule) in children: clinicopathologic study of 35 cases","volume":"1","author":"M B McDermott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731461","article-title":"Current advances in hypertrophic scar and keloid management","volume":"35","author":"N Barone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"}],"container-title":["Archives of Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2665-2132.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T22:55:20Z","timestamp":1758236120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2665-2132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2665-2132","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-6163","2234-6171"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2234-6163"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2234-6171"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]}}}