{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T18:01:03Z","timestamp":1776362463238,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["STA 543\/6-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STA 543\/6-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["STA 543\/9-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STA 543\/9-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["01EO2105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EO2105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Immune_ACS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Immune_ACS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RESPONSE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RESPONSE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lasers are present in nearly every aspect of modern life \u2013 in daily activities, medicine, and industry. While this innovative technology offers great benefits to society, it can also be misused, whether intentionally or unintentionally. Globalisation has fostered rapid development and wider distribution of high-energy lasers, including illegal trade and unregulated use, and has resulted in a rising number of laser-related eye injuries in recent years. This review addresses these concerns and compiles current knowledge on the subject. It begins with an overview of laser basics and historical milestones, then examines the physical and biological fundamentals of laser\u2013tissue interactions. We discuss the latest laser innovations and the challenges they pose in introducing new technologies. An up-to-date overview of relevant laws and DIN standards for ophthalmic laser applications is provided, followed by a clinical perspective on laser attacks in civilian and military contexts\n          and strategies for eye protection. The aim is to raise awareness of the potential risks associated with everyday laser use and to highlight the importance of safety measures alongside the many uses of lasers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2670-4581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T22:39:16Z","timestamp":1760999956000},"page":"30-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Update: Laser \u2013 an Everyday Tool with Underrated Risks"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Bettina","family":"Hohberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Sch\u00fcnemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9701-0891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karsten","family":"Sperlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2425-7268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Stahnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"Berlien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Laser Medicine, Ev. Elisabeth Clinic Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank M.","family":"Jakobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Medicine, German Air Force Center of Aerospace Medicine, F\u00fcrstenfeldbruck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank Stephan","family":"Weinand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bundeswehr Central Hospital, Koblenz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-Dieter","family":"Reidenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory of Medical Technology, Technical University K\u00f6ln, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9145-9102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Schottenhamml","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Stachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung","volume":"18","author":"A Einstein","year":"1917","journal-title":"Physikalische Zeitschrift"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"2","article-title":"Effect of the laser beam on the skin","volume":"40","author":"L Goldman","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1038\/197912b0","article-title":"Pathology of the effect of the laser beam on the skin","volume":"197","author":"L Goldman","year":"1963","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"The biomedical laser: technology and clinical applications","author":"L Goldman","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01351572","article-title":"Untersuchung \u00fcber die anomale Dispersion angeregter Gase","volume":"48","author":"H Kopfermann","year":"1928","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Physik"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1037","article-title":"DAN SSSR, 22, 574, 1939","volume":"17","author":"V Fabrikant","year":"1947","journal-title":"VA Fabrikant, ZhETF"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.72.241","article-title":"Fine structure of the hydrogen atom by a microwave method","volume":"72","author":"W E Lamb","year":"1947","journal-title":"Physical Review"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"225","article-title":"Phys. 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