{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:57:03Z","timestamp":1780574223084,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aims to report the findings of the clinical examination, gait analysis, radiographs and ultrasonographic examination of the gastrocnemius tendon of origin in sound Border Collies. This study also aims to determine if this tendinopathy could be present in isolated individuals without signs of an overt lameness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A cohort of Border Collies, active participating in agility without a history of rear limb lameness were included in the study. A standardized general orthopaedic examination was performed in each dog with special attention given to the gastrocnemius muscle and its tendon of origin. An additional gait analysis was performed for further information about loading of each limb. Mediolateral radiographs of both stifle joints were taken to assess joint health and an ultrasound was performed to evaluate the origin of the gastrocnemius tendon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>34 Border Collies were included in the study. Eighteen dogs had abnormal findings during clinical examination of the of the origin of the gastrocnemius tendon. All of these dogs also had abnormal findings on ultrasound, with six of them also having mineralization surrounding the fabellae on radiographs. Only four dogs had normal clinical, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This study supports our clinical impression that tendinopathy of the gastrocnemius muscle is likely an underestimated disorder in Border Collies that actively participate in agility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2675-2700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T23:07:51Z","timestamp":1755817671000},"page":"162-168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence of Tendinopathy of the Gastrocnemius Muscle Origin in a Cohort of Sound Border Collies"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Rico","family":"Vannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthop\u00e4dische Abteilung, Bessy's Kleintierklinik, Watt-Regensdorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia Joan","family":"Ebling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abteilung Klinische Radiologie, Vetsuisse-Fakult\u00e4t, Universit\u00e4t Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giliola","family":"Spattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Veterinaria Castellarano, Castellarano, Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Kowaleski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/246313a0","article-title":"Energetic cost of locomotion in kangaroos","volume":"246","author":"T Dawson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00540.x","article-title":"Where tendons and ligaments meet bone: attachment sites (\u2018entheses\u2019) in relation to exercise and\/or mechanical load","volume":"208","author":"M Benjamin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092329","article-title":"Sports and exercise-related tendinopathies: a review of selected topical issues by participants of the second International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium (ISTS) Vancouver 2012","volume":"47","author":"A Scott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","first-page":"238","article-title":"Current opinions on tendinopathy","volume":"10","author":"J F Kaux","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-017-0092-6","article-title":"Current trends in tendinopathy: consensus of the ESSKA basic science committee. Part I: biology, biomechanics, anatomy and an exercise-based approach","volume":"4","author":"F Abat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Orthop"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1623720","article-title":"Musculotendinopathy of the gastrocnemius muscle in a Labrador Retriever. A case report [In German]","volume":"41","author":"A M Fiedler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-16-01-0015","article-title":"Clinical, radiographic, and magnetic resonance imaging findings of gastrocnemius musculotendinopathy in various dog breeds","volume":"29","author":"S M Kaiser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01677.x","article-title":"MRI features of gastrocnemius musculotendinopathy in herding dogs","volume":"51","author":"C Stahl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.7.1010","article-title":"Internet based survey of the nature and perceived cause of injury to dog participating in agility training and competition event","volume":"243","author":"K L Cullen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12030227","article-title":"Part II of Finnish Agility Dog Survey: Agility-related injuries and risk factors for injury in competition-level agility dogs","volume":"12","author":"L Inkil\u00e4","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.259.9.1001","article-title":"Internet-based survey of the frequency and types of orthopedic conditions and injuries experienced by dogs competing in agility","volume":"259","author":"A Pechette Markley","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127632","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1127632","article-title":"Adverse health events and recommended health research priorities in agility dogs as reported by dog owners","volume":"10","author":"D C Sellon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-08-07-0059","article-title":"Conservative treatment of partial gastrocnemius muscle avulsion in dogs using therapeutic ultrasound","volume":"22","author":"M C Mueller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12445","article-title":"Long term functional outcome of tibial tuberosity advancement vs. tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and extracapsular repair in a heterogeneous population of dogs","volume":"45","author":"U Krotscheck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2007.00746.x","article-title":"Chronic tendinopathy tissue pathology, pain mechanisms, and etiology with a special focus on inflammation","volume":"18","author":"U Fredberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2011.06.004","article-title":"Tendinopathy in athletes","volume":"13","author":"M Reinking","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100885","article-title":"ICON 2019: International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium Consensus: Clinical terminology","volume":"54","author":"A Scott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2022-0018","article-title":"Tendon pain - what are the mechanisms behind it?","volume":"23","author":"P W Ackermann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2015.5880","article-title":"Tendinopathy: Is imaging telling us the entire story?","volume":"45","author":"S I Docking","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0096-z","article-title":"The pain of tendinopathy: physiological or pathophysiological?","volume":"44","author":"E Rio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12930","article-title":"Impact of rest duration on Achilles tendon structure and function following isometric training","volume":"28","author":"C M Waugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12903","article-title":"Achilles tendon adaptation in cross-country runners across a competitive season","volume":"28","author":"L E Stanley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.023846","article-title":"Prospective study of change in patellar tendon abnormality on imaging and pain over a volleyball season","volume":"40","author":"P Malliaras","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507310073","article-title":"Prophylactic training in asymptomatic soccer players with ultrasonographic abnormalities in Achilles and patellar tendons: the Danish Super League Study","volume":"36","author":"U Fredberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-923379","article-title":"Golf and racquet sports injuries","volume":"9","author":"J A Jacobson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199907000-00006","article-title":"Muscle strain injury: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"7","author":"T J Noonan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030844","article-title":"Spectrum of tendon pathologies: Triggers, trails and end-state","volume":"21","author":"S Steinmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2675-2700.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T22:49:10Z","timestamp":1778626150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2675-2700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2675-2700","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0814","2567-6911"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0814","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-6911","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]}}}