{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T05:15:39Z","timestamp":1782623739907,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"08","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Metab Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a widespread chronic condition caused by immune\n                    responses involving immunoglobulin E (IgE) when exposed to airborne allergens.\n                    It frequently coexists with conditions such as asthma and eye inflammation and\n                    represents a major public health issue due to its significant burden and\n                    associated disabilities across the globe. Key contributing factors include\n                    exposure to airborne or workplace-related allergens and hereditary\n                    predispositions. AR negatively impacts daily life, including social\n                    interactions, academic performance, and productivity at work, while also leading\n                    to considerable economic expenses. The ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on\n                    Asthma) guidelines categorize AR based on duration (intermittent or persistent)\n                    and severity (mild or moderate\/severe). Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical\n                    evaluation, and in patients with uncontrolled or long-term symptoms,\n                    confirmation may involve skin prick testing or detecting specific IgE antibodies\n                    in the blood. Common treatments include oral, nasal, or eye-drop antihistamines\n                    (H1-blockers), nasal corticosteroids, or a combination of both delivered\n                    intranasally. Allergen-specific immunotherapy, administered by qualified\n                    specialists and using standardized extracts, is beneficial for individuals with\n                    ongoing symptoms. Insights from real-life data collected through mobile\n                    applications are enhancing understanding of AR types and their management.\n                    Future developments aim to improve recognition of complex overlapping\n                    conditions, utilize health technology evaluations, and promote patient-involved\n                    treatment decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2687-6822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T22:40:01Z","timestamp":1757371201000},"page":"453-463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Epidemiology, Prevention, and Clinical Management of Allergic\n                    Rhinitis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Vijayshwari","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker\n                    Mahaveer University Moradabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramenani Hari","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker\n                    Mahaveer University Moradabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00227-0","article-title":"Allergic rhinitis","volume":"6","author":"J Bousquet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13200","article-title":"Non-allergic rhinitis: position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and\n                    Clinical Immunology","volume":"72","author":"P W Hellings","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"261","article-title":"Allergic rhinitis: mechanisms and treatment","volume":"36","author":"D I Bernstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2020.100106","article-title":"International expert consensus on the management of allergic rhinitis (AR)\n                    aggravated by air pollutants: impact of air pollution on patients with AR:\n                    current knowledge and future strategies","volume":"13","author":"R Naclerio","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13192","article-title":"Local allergic rhinitis: implications for management","volume":"49","author":"P Campo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-020-00977-7","article-title":"Mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis","volume":"21","author":"G Drazdauskait\u0117","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2018.10.4.300","article-title":"Chinese society of allergy guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of allergic\n                    rhinitis","volume":"10","author":"L Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40413-018-0198-z","article-title":"Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis and associated risk factors in Asia","volume":"11","author":"S N Chong","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis. 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