{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:54:04Z","timestamp":1763686444304,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon congenital vascular anomalies characterized by direct, high-flow connections between arteries and veins. Forehead AVMs present unique challenges due to their aesthetic considerations, risk of complications, and proximity to critical neurovascular structures. A 26-year-old male presented with a pulsatile forehead swelling present since birth, which gradually increased in size. Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a forehead AVM fed by branches from the superficial temporal and ophthalmic arteries, without evidence of intracranial extension. Presurgical embolization using cyanoacrylate glue achieved 90% occlusion. However, the procedure was complicated by glue migration into the cavernous sinuses, resulting in headache and dizziness. The patient was initially managed with low-molecular-weight heparin and close clinical observation. Definitive surgical resection was performed successfully 1 month later. The wound healed without complications, and no recurrence was observed during 6 months of follow-up. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing AVMs and emphasizes the need to balance embolization risks with therapeutic benefits to achieve optimal outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2688-3865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T22:58:59Z","timestamp":1755903539000},"page":"341-346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Forehead Arteriovenous Malformation Embolization Complicated by Glue Migration into the Cavernous Sinus: A Case Report of a Rare Complication"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2593-9343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalifa","family":"Al Alawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hamad Medical Cooperation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0229-4785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alreem","family":"Al Khayarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hamad Medical Cooperation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8990-9662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma","family":"Al Habsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Khoula Hospital, Muscat, The Sultanate of Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6705-5650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najla","family":"Al Meraikhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Qatar University, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8729-8965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohudoom Meera","family":"Sahib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Khoula Hospital, Muscat, The Sultanate of Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2516-430X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taimoor","family":"Al Balushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Khoula Hospital, Muscat, The Sultanate of Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1376263","article-title":"Vascular malformations: a review","volume":"28","author":"J A Cox","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.08.008","article-title":"Contemporary management of vascular malformations","volume":"72","author":"G Colletti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e203","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3673","article-title":"Vascular anomalies classification: Recommendations from the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies","volume":"136","author":"M Wassef","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199306000-00006","article-title":"Hemangiomas, vascular malformations, and lymphovenous malformations: Classification and methods of treatment","volume":"91","author":"I T Jackson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2011.09.012","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformations: Epidemiology and clinical presentation","volume":"23","author":"A Laakso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2010.08.005","article-title":"Management of arteriovenous malformations","volume":"38","author":"A K Greene","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15008","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.8","article-title":"Brain arteriovenous malformations","volume":"1","author":"M T Lawton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9037","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22169037","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformations-current understanding of the pathogenesis with implications for treatment","volume":"22","author":"K Schimmel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181d18070","article-title":"Extracranial arteriovenous malformations: Natural progression and recurrence after treatment","volume":"125","author":"A S Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2014.07.005","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformations","volume":"23","author":"W Uller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_31_18","article-title":"High-flow type of peripheral arteriovenous malformation causing severe cosmetic deformity","volume":"18","author":"S Saran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1632","article-title":"Treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"306","author":"J van Beijnum","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3200","article-title":"Outcome after conservative management or intervention for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations","volume":"311","author":"R Al-Shahi Salman","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1604299","article-title":"New treatment approaches to arteriovenous malformations","volume":"34","author":"P Gilbert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-022-01766-8","article-title":"Preoperative embolisation of brain arteriovenous malformations: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"C Brosnan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199109000-00004","article-title":"Treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with a combination of preoperative embolization and surgery","volume":"29","author":"A Pasqualin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-024-06234-4","article-title":"Influence of preoperative embolisation on resection of brain arteriovenous malformations: Cohort study","volume":"166","author":"S H Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref19","first-page":"172","article-title":"Brain AVM embolization with Onyx","volume":"28","author":"W J van Rooij","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/109\/8\/0347","article-title":"Cerebral N-butyl cyanoacrylate glue-induced abscess complicating embolization","volume":"109","author":"A S Chagla","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2007.8.3.249","article-title":"Stroke from delayed embolization of polymerized glue following percutaneous direct injection of a carotid body tumor","volume":"8","author":"T Krishnamoorthy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-019-0063-3","article-title":"Full recovery after non-target cerebral embolization of n-butyl-cyanoacrylate occurred during emergency treatment of a facial arteriovenous malformation","volume":"2","author":"E Lanza","year":"2019","journal-title":"CVIR Endovasc"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.07.065","article-title":"Migration of n-BCA glue as a complication of venous malformation treatment in children","volume":"16","author":"L M Eysenbach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.5.JNS15145","article-title":"Rescue N-butyl-2 cyanoacrylate embolectomy using a Solitaire FR device after venous glue migration during arteriovenous malformation embolization: Technical note","volume":"125","author":"R Fahed","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1177\/15910199030090S122","article-title":"Complications and their management during NBCA embolization of craniospinal lesions","volume":"9","author":"Y Niimi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Interv Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-021-00236-4","article-title":"Endovascular balloon-assisted liquid embolisation of soft tissue vascular malformations: Technical feasibility and safety","volume":"4","author":"A Lamanna","year":"2021","journal-title":"CVIR Endovasc"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"165","article-title":"Extensive facial arterio-venous malformations; combined approach, embolization followed by surgical reconstruction","volume":"47","author":"T Shoukr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2024.01.002","article-title":"Our experience in the surgical management of arterio-venous malformations of the head and neck","volume":"40","author":"F Shabbir","year":"2024","journal-title":"JPRAS Open"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.5022","article-title":"Radial forearm and forehead flap reconstruction following resection of a nasal arteriovenous malformation: A case report","volume":"12","author":"C S Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-011-0270-5","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformation of the face: Surgical treatment","volume":"14","author":"R Tiwari","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"}],"container-title":["Archives of Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2688-3865.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:29:22Z","timestamp":1763684962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2688-3865"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2688-3865","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-6163","2234-6171"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2234-6163"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2234-6171"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]}}}