{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T08:20:38Z","timestamp":1758270038681,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"08","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Metab Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The non-insulin-based metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) is a\n                    recently developed index aimed at being a practical and efficient alternative\n                    biomarker of insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to investigate the\n                    association between METS-IR in euthyroid women in the first trimester of\n                    pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. A total of 1810 participants who gave birth at\n                    Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital from November 2018 to November 2019\n                    were included in this study. Thyroid function, fasting blood glucose (FPG)\n                    levels, lipid profiles, and anthropometric parameters were collected during the\n                    first trimester of pregnancy. METS-IR was calculated by FPG, total triglyceride,\n                    high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and body mass index. Pregnancy outcomes\n                    were collected. There were 75 (4.1%) cases of macrosomia and 433 (23.9%) cases\n                    of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Participants were divided into four\n                    groups based on METS-IR, with a median and interquartile range of METS-IR levels\n                    of 23.91 (22.83, 24.67), 26.53 (25.88, 27.17), 29.13 (28.47, 30.00), and 33.59\n                    (32.10, 36.21), respectively. The higher METS-IR quartile was significantly\n                    associated with macrosomia and GDM (p&lt;0.05). The risk of macrosomia and GDM\n                    increased with the increased METS-IR levels when METS-IR was a continuous\n                    variable, particularly METS-IR levels reaching 27.84 and higher (overall\n                    p&lt;0.05). We found no correlation between METS-IR and low birth weight,\n                    cesarean section, and preterm delivery (p&gt;0.05). Increasing METS-IR in\n                    euthyroid women in the first trimester of pregnancy may predict macrosomia and\n                    GDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2691-0428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T23:04:22Z","timestamp":1757545462000},"page":"486-493","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of METS-IR with Pregnancy Outcomes in Euthyroid Women: A\n                    Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s Health, Fujian Maternity and\n                    Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianwen","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s Health, Fujian Maternity and\n                    Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zize","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Fujian Maternity and Child\n                    Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Fujian Maternity and Child\n                    Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s Health, Fujian Maternity and\n                    Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengyuan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s Health, Fujian Maternity and\n                    Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9769-0178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Fujian Maternity and Child\n                    Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-018-0457-1","article-title":"The effects of probiotic and selenium co-supplementation on parameters of mental\n                    health, hormonal profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress\n                    in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"11","author":"M Jamilian","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12381","article-title":"Trying to understand gestational diabetes","volume":"31","author":"P M Catalano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-009-0046-1","article-title":"Insulin resistance: the possible link between gestational diabetes mellitus and\n                    hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"D S Mastrogiannis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2017.1290074","article-title":"Valuable predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus in infertile Chinese women\n                    with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective cohort study","volume":"33","author":"H Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30088-5","article-title":"Insulin resistance and preeclampsia","volume":"25","author":"K M Berkowitz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2397","article-title":"In utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia increases childhood cardiometabolic\n                    risk in offspring","volume":"40","author":"W H Tam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7729","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S336990","article-title":"Associations between the metabolic score for insulin resistance index and the\n                    risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among non-obese adults: insights from a\n                    population-based cohort study","volume":"14","author":"X-T Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13573","article-title":"Insulin resistance surrogates predict hypertension plus hyperuricemia","volume":"12","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0719","article-title":"International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations\n                    on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy","volume":"33","author":"B E Metzger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02334-8","article-title":"Metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) predicts all-cause and\n                    cardiovascular mortality in the general population: evidence from NHANES\n                    2001-2018","volume":"23","author":"M Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"29","article-title":"Research progress in diagnosis and treatment of insulin resistance in pregnancy.\n                    Chin J Obstet","volume":"13","author":"J L Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg (Electronic Edition)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13013","article-title":"Increasing insulin resistance predicts adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with\n                    gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Y-Y Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4961-7","article-title":"Characteristics and pregnancy outcomes across gestational diabetes mellitus\n                    subtypes based on insulin resistance","volume":"62","author":"K Benhalima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.715006","article-title":"Short-term and long-term sequelae in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)","volume":"26","author":"S Longo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14155","article-title":"Assessment of preferred methods to measure insulin resistance in Asian patients\n                    with hypertension","volume":"23","author":"H V Minh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2015.30.3.263","article-title":"Diabetes in Asians","volume":"30","author":"E J Rhee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.077784","article-title":"Comparison of 11 human insulin assays: implications for clinical investigation\n                    and research","volume":"53","author":"S E Manley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021053","article-title":"Association between METS-IR and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus among\n                    elderly subjects in China: a large-scale population-based study","volume":"20","author":"H Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175988","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1175988","article-title":"Association between MetS-IR and prediabetes risk and sex differences: a cohort\n                    study based on the Chinese population","volume":"14","author":"Q Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0308597","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0308597","article-title":"Association of METS-IR index with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of\n                    national health and nutrition examination survey data from 2009 to 2018","volume":"19","author":"Y Hou","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143139","article-title":"The association of surrogates of insulin resistance with hyperuricemia among\n                    middle-aged and older individuals: a population-based nationwide cohort\n                    study","volume":"15","author":"Y Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13591","article-title":"METS-IR, a novel simple insulin resistance indexes, is associated with\n                    hypertension in normal-weight Chinese adults","volume":"21","author":"X Z Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckac140","article-title":"Association of METS-IR with incident hypertension in non-overweight adults based\n                    on a cohort study in Northeastern China","volume":"32","author":"C Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-024-01646-w","article-title":"METS-IR\/HOMA-IR and MAFLD in U.S. adults: dose-response correlation and the\n                    effect mediated by physical activity","volume":"24","author":"H Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0883","article-title":"METS-IR, a novel score to evaluate insulin sensitivity, is predictive of\n                    visceral adiposity and incident type 2 diabetes","volume":"178","author":"O Y Bello-Chavolla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2011.04.006","article-title":"Comparison of two methods using plasma triglyceride concentration as a surrogate\n                    estimate of insulin action in nondiabetic subjects: triglycerides\u00d7glucose versus\n                    triglyceride\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol","volume":"60","author":"F Abbasi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70662-9","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in glucose metabolism during pregnancy in obese women with\n                    normal glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"180","author":"P M Catalano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-1894","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity and \u03b2-Cell function during early and late pregnancy in women\n                    with and without gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"46","author":"B Mittendorfer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S112","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-s202","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms for insulin resistance in normal pregnancy and gestational\n                    diabetes","volume":"30","author":"L A Barbour","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0413","article-title":"Akt activation is required at a late stage of insulin-induced GLUT4\n                    translocation to the plasma membrane","volume":"19","author":"E M van Dam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11641","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111641","article-title":"Cellular and molecular pathophysiology of gestational diabetes","volume":"25","author":"J Torres-Torres","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-0434","article-title":"Insulin receptor substrate regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase","volume":"17","author":"H E Metz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0098-8","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"5","author":"H D McIntyre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11172672","article-title":"Deep insight of the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"A K Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1111","article-title":"Pregnancy insulin, glucose, and BMI contribute to birth outcomes in nondiabetic\n                    mothers","volume":"31","author":"K K Ong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1159\/000295710","article-title":"Insulin resistance, a link between maternal overweight and fetal macrosomia in\n                    nondiabetic pregnancies","volume":"74","author":"F Ahlsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2018.07.010","article-title":"Roles of insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction in macrosomia among\n                    Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"J Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2021.08.005","article-title":"Preconception insulin resistance and neonatal birth weight in women with\n                    obesity: role of bile acids","volume":"43","author":"Z Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1572434","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal outcomes in women with insulin resistance","volume":"33","author":"L Temming","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"729","article-title":"Maternal plasma cytokines concentrations and insulin resistance in first\n                    trimester in relation to fetal growth","volume":"30","author":"D A Bomba-Opon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05594-6","article-title":"Fasting plasma glucose and fetal ultrasound predict the occurrence of neonatal\n                    macrosomia in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"23","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.16109","article-title":"Association of lipid levels at different stages of pregnancy with gestational\n                    diabetes mellitus and the incidence of neonatal macrosomia: a retrospective\n                    study","volume":"50","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02046-w","article-title":"Differential effect of pre-pregnancy low BMI on fetal macrosomia: a\n                    population-based cohort study","volume":"19","author":"G Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482.e481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.05.032","article-title":"Association of lipid levels during gestation with preeclampsia and gestational\n                    diabetes mellitus: a population-based study","volume":"201","author":"A Wiznitzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5834","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2021.1895741","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes among women with class III obesity with normal early\n                    glucola","volume":"35","author":"T Ellett","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1609929","article-title":"Epigenetic alteration of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange Factor 11 (ARHGEF11) in\n                    cord blood samples in macrosomia exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia","volume":"34","author":"J Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"105","article-title":"Clinical effect of polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance on\n                    pregnancy outcome","volume":"26","author":"X Y Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin J Hum Sex"}],"container-title":["Hormone and Metabolic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2691-0428.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T22:53:55Z","timestamp":1758236035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2691-0428"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"08","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2691-0428","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-5043","1439-4286"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0018-5043"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1439-4286"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}}}