{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:53:27Z","timestamp":1790682807811,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011927","name":"European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ESGE Grant 2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESGE Grant 2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011927","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"UPV-LaFe INBIO innovation projects","award":["PI2020-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI2020-6"]}]},{"name":"UCV-La Fe","award":["AP2023-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP2023-06"]}]},{"name":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Endoscopia Digestiva","award":["FSEED Grant 2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSEED Grant 2022"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PI21\/00193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endoscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study performed a multifactorial carbon footprint assessment and sensitivity analysis of colonoscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This was a 1-week, single-center, prospective study including all outpatient diagnostic colonoscopies (n = 66). A cradle-to-grave life-cycle assessment methodology evaluated all essential supplies (accessories #1\u201315), endoscopic procedure (energy consumption, carbon dioxide [CO2] insufflation, bowel preparation, sedation), staff and patient transport, and waste management. The impact assessment was based on sensitivity analysis in different scenarios (base, best, worst) to calculate the Global Warming Potential over 100 years (GWP-100 measured in kg of CO2 equivalent [kgCO2e]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>GWP-100 of a single colonoscopy was estimated to be 18.09 kgCO2e in the base scenario, with patient (8.61 kgCO2e) and staff (5.09 kgCO2e) transport, colonoscope manufacture and reprocessing (2.1 kgCO2e), and supplies (1.91 kgCO2e) contributing 47.6%, 28.1%, 11.7%, and 10.6%, respectively. Nitrile gloves, underpads, and a disposable peripheral oxygen saturation sensor accounted for nearly 50% of the total carbon footprint of all supplies. Patient preparation (bowel preparation, sedation, and CO2 insufflation) and energy consumption contributed only 2.0%. Staff and patient travel showed significant variations among worst, base, and best scenarios, with 18.8, 13.7, and 10.2 kgCO2e, respectively. The use of different amounts of medical supplies raised the carbon footprint to 2.38 kgCO2e in the worst scenario or diminished it to 1.56 kgCO2e in the best case.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This analysis and multifactorial colonoscopy procedure assessment confirmed patient and staff transport as the main carbon footprint contributors. More sustainable and smarter transport could considerably lower the environmental impact of colonoscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2695-1726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T22:48:38Z","timestamp":1756939718000},"page":"731-740","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Carbon footprint assessment and sensitivity analysis of diagnostic colonoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Garc\u00eda-Castellanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Hospital Universitari i Polit\u00e8cnic La Fe, Spain","place":["Valencia"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit"]},{"name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Spain","place":["Valencia"],"department":["Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 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Spain","place":["Valencia"],"department":["Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT)"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Pons-Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Hospital Universitari i Polit\u00e8cnic La Fe, Spain","place":["Valencia"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"Pohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Medical Center, Vermont, United States","place":["White River Junction"],"department":["Section of Gastroenterology"]},{"name":"Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, New Hampshire, United States","place":["Lebanon"],"department":["Section of 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