{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:45:49Z","timestamp":1791819949251,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFC2705300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2705300"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Globally, the prevalence of macrosomia varies widely, and the trends in macrosomia prevalence are controversial. We aim to analyze temporal changes in fetal macrosomia prevalence from 2004 to 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This study included 72,879,544 singleton deliveries from the U.S. National Vital Statistics System Natality Files. We used Joinpoint regression to assess annual trends in fetal macrosomia (birth weight: 4,000\u2009g), further classified into Grade 1 (4,000-4,499\u2009g), Grade 2 (4,500-4,999\u2009g), and Grade 3 (5,000\u2009g).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The overall prevalence of fetal macrosomia declined overall from 8.85% (95% CIs: 8.83, 8.88) in 2004 to 7.42% (95% CIs: 7.40, 7.45) in 2022, representing an average annual relative decrease of 0.89% (95% CIs: -1.17%, -0.61%). The temporal trend was nonlinear: a sharp decrease from 2004\u20132007 (APC: -3.63; 95% CIs: -4.92, -2.32), a modest increase during 2007\u20132015 (APC: 0.79; 95% CIs: 0.41, 1.16), and a steady decline from 2015\u20132022 (APC: -1.59; 95% CIs: -1.98, -1.20). Subgroup analyses revealed consistent declines, with more pronounced reductions among women aged\u2009&gt;\u200930 years, those with a college education, primiparous women, and Asian\/Pacific Islander mothers. When stratified by severity, the prevalence of Grade 1 macrosomia decreased from 7.53% to 6.42% (AAPC: -0.80; 95% CIs: -1.06, -0.53), Grade 2 decreased from 1.13% to 0.84% (AAPC:-1.50; 95% CIs: -1.94, -1.06), and Grade 3 from 0.20% to 0.16% (AAPC: -0.85; 95% CIs: -1.42, -0.27).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of fetal macrosomia has varied over time, showing an overall downward trend over the past 20 years, with two periods of rapid decline (2004\u20132007 and 2015\u20132022) and one period of moderate increase (2007\u20132015). The changes observed were significant for Grade 1 and Grade 2 macrosomia, while Grade 3 macrosomia also showed a downward trend, but without distinct segment slopes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2696-3320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T23:33:48Z","timestamp":1758065628000},"page":"822-829","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Trends in the Prevalence of Fetal Macrosomia in the United States, 2004 to 2022"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3723-7523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peipei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6576-9361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guodong","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2819-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chutian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2432-2616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Vinturache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9326-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","first-page":"e195","article-title":"Practice Bulletin No. 173: Fetal macrosomia","volume":"128","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Practice Bulletins\u2014Obstetrics","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"9865","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61605-5","article-title":"Macrosomia in 23 developing countries: an analysis of a multicountry, facility-based, cross-sectional survey","volume":"381","author":"A Koyanagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340801899289","article-title":"The macrosomic fetus: a challenge in current obstetrics","volume":"87","author":"T Henriksen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-818","article-title":"Secular trends of macrosomia in southeast China, 1994-2005","volume":"11","author":"Y Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05400-9","article-title":"Trends in the incidence of fetal macrosomia and its phenotypes in the United States, 1971-2017","volume":"301","author":"H M Salihu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12479","article-title":"Phenotypes of fetal macrosomia and risk of stillbirth among term deliveries over the previous four decades","volume":"47","author":"H M Salihu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868094","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.868094","article-title":"Prevalence and trends in gestational diabetes mellitus among women in the United States, 2006-2017: A population-based study","volume":"13","author":"T Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e020717","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020717","article-title":"Trends in prepregnancy obesity and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes in the United States, 2013 to 2018","volume":"10","author":"M C Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2011.08.005","article-title":"Pregnancy management of women with pregestational diabetes","volume":"40","author":"E R Mathiesen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2696-3320.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T22:36:16Z","timestamp":1775860576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2696-3320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2696-3320","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1631","1098-8785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1631","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]}}}