{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:25:23Z","timestamp":1789507523625,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"CP","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endosc Int Open"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\"Leaky gut,\" caused by increased mucosal permeability, plays a pivotal role in various diseases. However, few methods are available to evaluate intestinal mucosal permeability in the living human body. We established a novel method for evaluation of mucosal permeability using indigo carmine (IC).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Subjects undergoing colonic endoscopy for screening of colon polyps or evaluation of ulcerative colitis (UC) severity were enrolled. IC was endoscopically sprayed in the cecum, and blood samples were obtained before spraying and at 30 and 60 minutes after. Serum IC level was analyzed by liquid chromatographer\/mass spectrometer equipped with a Nexera HPLC system.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In both the control (subjects screened for colon polyps) and UC groups, all subjects had their highest serum IC levels at 30 minutes after spraying. Serum IC level was significantly higher in UC patients than in the controls at both 30 and 60 minutes after spraying. In the UC group, serum IC levels at both 30 and 60 minutes were significantly higher in patients with a Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) 1 at the cecum than in those with MES 0 in the same area.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Endoscopic spraying with IC is useful for evaluation of intestinal mucosal permeability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2697-7599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T23:01:20Z","timestamp":1757372480000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Endoscopic indigo carmine spraying for evaluation of intestinal mucosal permeability: Prospective pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shojiro","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Omics Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Frontiers, Institution for advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Ojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical and Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical and Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masataka","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Shinzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00397-y","article-title":"Gastrointestinal biofilms in health and disease","volume":"18","author":"JP Motta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01014-8","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity","volume":"24","author":"ER Mann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev 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