{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:39:09Z","timestamp":1760747949791,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5R01AI108680-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01AI108680-10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K01NR021256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01NR021256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Clin Inform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overuse and misuse of antibiotics is an urgent health care problem and one of the key factors in antibiotic resistance. Validated clinical prediction rules have shown effectiveness in guiding providers to an appropriate diagnosis and identifying when antibiotics are the recommended choice for treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We aimed to study the relative ability of registered nurses using clinical prediction rules to guide the management of acute respiratory infections in a simulated environment compared with practicing primary care physicians.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We evaluated a case-based simulation of the diagnosis and treatment for acute respiratory infections using clinical prediction rules. As a secondary outcome, we examined nursing self-efficacy by administering a survey before and after case evaluations. Participants included 40 registered nurses from three academic medical centers and five primary care physicians as comparators. Participants evaluated six simulated case studies, three for patients presenting with cough symptoms, and three for sore throat.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Compared with physicians, nurses determined risk and treatment for simulated sore throat cases using clinical prediction rules with 100% accuracy in low-risk sore throat cases versus 80% for physicians. We found great variability in the accuracy of the risk level and appropriate treatment for cough cases. Nurses reported slight increases in self-efficacy from baseline to postcase evaluation suggesting further information is needed to understand correlation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Clinical prediction rules used by nurses in sore throat management workflows can guide accurate diagnosis and treatment in simulated cases, while cough management requires further exploration. Our results support the future implementation of automated prediction rules in a clinical decision support tool and a thorough examination of their effect on clinical practice and patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2700-7036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T22:51:18Z","timestamp":1757976678000},"page":"1359-1367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nursing Performance Using Clinical Prediction Rules for Acute Respiratory Infection Management: A Case-Based Simulation"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Victoria L.","family":"Tiase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haddy","family":"Bah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ainsley","family":"Snow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devin M.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and MCIT Department of Health Informatics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Feldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Halm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, Wisconsin, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k5092","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k5092","article-title":"Appropriateness of outpatient antibiotic prescribing among privately insured US patients: ICD-10-CM based cross sectional study","volume":"364","author":"K P Chua","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.4151","article-title":"Prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions among US ambulatory care visits, 2010-2011","volume":"315","author":"K E Fleming-Dutra","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1039\/C7MD00528H","article-title":"Narrow-spectrum antibacterial agents","volume":"9","author":"R J 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