{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T23:35:11Z","timestamp":1777073711254,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Division of Intramural Research","award":["T32 HL160493"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL160493"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to compare the acute diuretic effect of furosemide versus chlorothiazide in preterm infants with high-grade bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of infants with grade 2 or 3 BPD admitted to a level IV NICU between 36 and 60 weeks postmenstrual age. Novel diuretic exposures were defined as administration of furosemide or chlorothiazide without prior exposure to the same agent in the preceding 7 days. The primary outcome was the within-subject change in net fluid balance (mL\/kg) in the 24\u2009hours before and after diuretic initiation. Multivariable linear regression was performed adjusted for diuretic dosing, route, frequency, and clinical covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Among 300 infants contributing 136 furosemide and 215 chlorothiazide exposures, furosemide was most often dosed every 24\u2009hours (73%) and chlorothiazide every 12\u2009hours (90%). After covariate adjustment, furosemide was associated with a threefold greater reduction in net fluid balance compared to chlorothiazide (\u221232.0 vs. \u221210.5\u2009mL\/kg; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). More frequent dosing (every 12\u2009hours) was associated with greater diuretic effect than every 24-hour dosing for both agents (\u221222.4 vs. \u221211.3\u2009mL\/kg; p\u2009=\u20090.032). Concomitant use of both agents was common, yet the order of administration did not significantly influence fluid balance. No other clinical or biochemical characteristics were significantly associated with diuretic response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Furosemide has a significantly greater acute diuretic effect than chlorothiazide in infants with high-grade BPD. These findings may inform short-term fluid management strategies and support further investigation into optimal diuretic selection and dosing in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2714-3368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T22:59:38Z","timestamp":1759532378000},"page":"972-978","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chlorothiazide Is Associated with a Weaker Diuretic Response than Furosemide in Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7435-2610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Nelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Newborn\/Infant Chronic Lung Disease Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Newborn\/Infant Chronic Lung Disease Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik A.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Newborn\/Infant Chronic Lung Disease Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Newborn\/Infant Chronic Lung Disease Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara B.","family":"DeMauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avery W.","family":"Zierk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas P. Goldstein","family":"Novick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Rub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Lorch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas A.","family":"Bamat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Newborn\/Infant Chronic Lung Disease Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0127-7","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"5","author":"B Th\u00e9baud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-019-0415-9","article-title":"Medication use in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia admitted to United States children's hospitals","volume":"39","author":"N A Bamat","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-021-00924-y","article-title":"The association between diuretic class exposures and enteral electrolyte use in infants developing grade 2 or 3 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