{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T23:04:20Z","timestamp":1780095860638,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JST-SPRING, Grant Number JPMJSP2124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JST-SPRING, Grant Number JPMJSP2124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["KAKENHI (24K02824)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAKENHI (24K02824)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among the paraspinal muscles, the psoas major is essential for leg swing during\n                    running. As its sarcomere length indicates a lower force-generating capacity at\n                    a lengthened position, greater hip extension at higher speeds may limit its\n                    force. Meanwhile, the lumbar spine becomes more lordotic and tilts anteriorly as\n                    running speed increases, which may shorten the psoas major. However, lumbar\n                    spine motion has been neglected when estimating psoas major length. We examined\n                    the effect of lumbar spine motion on psoas major length, comparing models with\n                    (MOVING) and without (FIXED) considering lumbar spine motion. Psoas major length\n                    was estimated during treadmill running at four different speeds (4.0\u20138.5 m\/s).\n                    The main effect of the running speed on psoas major length was not significant\n                    in MOVING (length normalised to standing: from 102.1\u00b11.7 to 102.3\u00b12.0%), whereas\n                    it was significant in FIXED (from 102.2\u00b10.8 to 104.2\u00b10.9%). A strong linear\n                    relationship between hip angle and psoas major length was found in FIXED\n                        (r\n               2 &gt;0.92), but was compromised in MOVING\n                        (r\n               2 =0.74\u00b10.17). Lumbar spine motion alters psoas major\n                    dynamics and prevents psoas major elongation at higher speeds. This may\n                    facilitate rapid leg swing by preserving the force-generating capacity of the\n                    psoas major.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2726-4968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T22:30:21Z","timestamp":1760826621000},"page":"465-470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Lumbar Spine Motion on Psoas Major Length during Running at\n                    Different Speeds"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Tempei","family":"Tominaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences,\n                    University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3958-8193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natsuki","family":"Sado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of\n                    Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"},{"name":"Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance, University of\n                    Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201X.1997.00225.x","article-title":"Intramuscular EMG from the hip flexor muscles during human locomotion","volume":"161","author":"E A Andersson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.075051","article-title":"Muscular strategy shift in human running: dependence of running speed on hip and\n                    ankle muscle performance","volume":"215","author":"T W Dorn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jeb.119156","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.119156","article-title":"Modulation of work and power by the human lower-limb joints with increasing\n                    steady-state locomotion speed","volume":"218","author":"A G Schache","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1260","article-title":"Effect of running speed on lower limb joint kinetics","volume":"43","author":"A G Schache","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001678","article-title":"Thigh and psoas major muscularity and its relation to running mechanics in\n                    sprinters","volume":"50","author":"R Ema","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002999","article-title":"The muscle morphology of elite female sprint 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Regev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100140123","article-title":"Hamstrings and psoas lengths during normal and crouch gait: Implications for\n                    muscle-tendon surgery","volume":"14","author":"S L Delp","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24769","article-title":"Revision of hip flexor anatomy and function in modern humans, and implications\n                    for the evolution of hominin bipedalism","volume":"305","author":"J C Sedlmayr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.02.010","article-title":"A little bit faster: Lower extremity joint kinematics and kinetics as\n                    recreational runners achieve faster speeds","volume":"71","author":"M S 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Disord"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1179\/106698108790818459","article-title":"Variation in pelvic morphology may prevent the identification of anterior pelvic\n                    tilt","volume":"16","author":"S J Preece","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Man Manipulative Ther"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20921","article-title":"The evaluation of two references for restoring proximal femoral anatomy during\n                    total hip arthroplasty","volume":"23","author":"A Unnanuntana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2019.1661392","article-title":"Modeling the effects of musculoskeletal geometry on scapulohumeral muscle moment\n                    arms and lines of action","volume":"22","author":"D M Mulla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.05.023","article-title":"Accuracy of generic musculoskeletal models in predicting the functional roles of\n                    muscles in human gait","volume":"44","author":"T A Correa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomech"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2726-4968.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T22:34:11Z","timestamp":1780094051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2726-4968"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2726-4968","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-4622","1439-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-4622","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]}}}