{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:56:04Z","timestamp":1787500564832,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Erbe Comp T\u00fcbingen","award":["Unrestricted grant for study personnel"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unrestricted grant for study personnel"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endoscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tissue diagnosis of biliary strictures is challenging and often requires multiple methods. Cryobiopsy, which is well established in bronchoscopy with high tissue yield, is presented here for the first time as a proof-of-principle feasibility study performed via the percutaneous route for biliary strictures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Patients undergoing percutaneous cholangioscopy for intraductal diagnosis of biliary strictures underwent six forceps biopsies and three cryobiopsies in a randomized order. The main objective was to assess feasibility, defined as the retrieval of at least one adequate sample per method per patient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Among 15 patients (53% women; mean age 60.2 years), all had at least one adequate sample obtained by each method. Cryobiopsy yielded significantly larger (8.54 vs. 1.87 mm2; P &lt; 0.001) and more representative specimens (97.6% vs. 74.7%; P = 0.001). It also scored higher on overall histologic quality on a Likert scale of 0\u20136 (5 vs. 4; P &lt; 0.001) and had more artifact-free areas (93.5% vs. 85.5%; P = 0.01). No bleeding or perforations occurred; only minor adverse events were reported and these resolved with standard treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This feasibility study showed that intraductal cryobiopsy via percutaneous cholangioscopy yielded larger samples and may enable more detailed histologic assessment than forceps biopsies. Further studies will evaluate its accuracy, safety, and potential for use with peroral cholangioscopy during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2728-8013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T22:47:58Z","timestamp":1761173278000},"page":"409-415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intraductal cryobiopsy via percutaneous cholangioscopy for biliary strictures: a multicenter feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"58","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06249841","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Peveling-Oberhag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8271-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Gerges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Interventional Endoscopy, Infectiology, Health and Medical University, Campus Helios Clinic Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Welsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine II, Clinic for Gastroenterology, Diabetology and Infectious Diseases, Klinikum Hanau GmbH, Hanau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Grunert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Rahe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Dechene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine 6, Gastroenterology, Klinikum N\u00fcrnberg, N\u00fcrnberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Eickhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Gastroenterologie, Klinikum Hanau gGmbH, Hanau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Dettmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Pathology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Linzenbold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Enderle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2270-2495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"R\u00f6sch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Zimmermann-Fraedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2023.06.007","article-title":"American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of malignancy in biliary strictures of undetermined etiology: methodology and review of evidence","volume":"98","author":"LL Fujii-Lau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1611-5091","article-title":"Endoscopic tissue sampling \u2013 Part 1: upper gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary tracts. 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