{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:39:10Z","timestamp":1789101550016,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche\n                        Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GRK1957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRK1957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In lean humans, cold-activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) is associated with\n                        improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. Metabolic consequences of\n                        acute cold exposure in obesity are less well characterized. We studied the\n                        effects of acute cold-activated BAT on markers of metabolic health in men\n                        with obesity but no other chronic diseases and aimed to characterize\n                        potential underlying mechanisms linked to cold exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Fourteen young (mean age [\u00b1standard error of the mean]: 26.4\u00b10.8 y) males\n                        with obesity (body mass index [BMI] 31.9\u00b10.5 kg\/m2; range:\n                        30.4-35.6 kg\/m2) participated in a randomized cross-balanced\n                        within-subject study with two experimental conditions, i.e., i) cold\n                        exposure (CE), using a water-perfused suit at 16.0\u00b0C, shivering excluded for\n                        in total 5 h; and ii) thermoneutrality (TN), using the same water-perfused\n                        suit at 25\u00b0C. Lipid metabolism and relevant hormone levels were measured.\n                        Glucose tolerance, \u03b2-cell secretion, and insulin sensitivity were assessed\n                        by the Botnia clamp. Expression profiles of selected genes regulating\n                        lipolytic and \u03b2-oxidation pathways were determined from peripheral blood\n                        mononuclear cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Upon CE, plasma noradrenaline levels increased relative to TN. CE decreased\n                        fasting glucose and improved glucose tolerance in parallel with increased\n                        \u03b2-cell response. Moreover, CE led to increased plasma triglycerides as well\n                        as expression levels of selected genes involved in lipid metabolism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The observed metabolic changes and increased gene expression regulating lipid\n                        transport and disposal point towards a cold-induced insulin feedback signal\n                        required to sustain BAT thermogenesis demands. Our study reveals acute\n                        metabolic effects of thermogenically activated BAT and potential mediating\n                        mechanisms in young men with obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2730-1689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T22:48:34Z","timestamp":1761173314000},"page":"532-540","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Acute Cold Exposure Improves Glucose Tolerance and Induces Beta-Cell\n                    Secretion Response Linked to Lipid Utilization in Young Male with\n                    Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1746-5560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Chamorro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University\n                    of Chile, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Luebeck,\n                    Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Bertozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Luebeck,\n                    Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Backhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Luebeck,\n                    Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl A","family":"Iwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Luebeck,\n                    Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Rademacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Luebeck,\n                    Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2425-7022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svenja","family":"Meyhoefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Luebeck,\n                    Luebeck, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg,\n                    Germany"},{"name":"Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of\n                    Luebeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Lehnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust,\n                    Coventry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian M","family":"Meyh\u00f6fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Luebeck,\n                    Luebeck, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg,\n                    Germany"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Pharma GmbH, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3178-0567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britta","family":"Wilms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Luebeck,\n                    Luebeck, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg,\n                    Germany"},{"name":"Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck,\n                    Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13938","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13938","article-title":"Fifty years on: How we uncovered the unique bioenergetics of brown adipose\n                    tissue","volume":"237","author":"D G Nicholls","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Physiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2023.102054","article-title":"Human thermogenic adipose tissue","volume":"80","author":"D P Blondin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2003","article-title":"Brown adipose tissue: Function and physiological significance","volume":"84","author":"B Cannon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol 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                  to lipid metabolism","volume":"30","author":"B Heckmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9106976","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9106976","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factor of brown adipose tissue: Systematic review and\n                    meta-analysis","volume":"2020","author":"M G Worku","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0833","article-title":"Brown adipose tissue and seasonal variation in humans","volume":"58","author":"IT H Au-Yong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300182","article-title":"PBMCs reflect the immune component of the WAT transcriptome \u2013 Implications as\n                    biomarkers of metabolic health in the postprandial state","volume":"58","author":"C M 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