{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T23:06:27Z","timestamp":1783983987159,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Training in facial soft tissue and flap surgery is limited by access to cadaver models and realistic simulation tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the lamb head as a practical and cost-effective model for facial flap planning and soft tissue closure techniques in surgical education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective observational study involving two dissection courses with surgical residents. Reporting complies with STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Two lamb heads were used for initial testing. Subsequently, two training sessions were conducted with 49 ENT and dermatology residents. Participants practiced standard flap designs using predrawn templates. Postsession feedback was collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>All participants reported increased understanding and confidence. The model was rated highly for its realism and teaching value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The lamb head provides a realistic, accessible, and low-cost model for facial soft tissue training. It may be valuable for residency programs lacking access to cadaveric simulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2732-5071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:23:00Z","timestamp":1761697380000},"page":"506-509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lamb Head as a New Training Model for Soft Tissue and Flap Surgery on Face"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Fazil","family":"Apaydin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ege University, Izmir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8815-8421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"German Armando","family":"Soto-Galindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bekir","family":"Ayd\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ege University, Izmir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Capelleras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ege University, Izmir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"25","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra054785","article-title":"Teaching surgical skills\u2013changes in the wind","volume":"355","author":"R K Reznick","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918912","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.918912","article-title":"Simulation models for learning local skin flap design and execution: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"E Hadjikyriacou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-015-0087-4","article-title":"Reconstruction of facial defects with local flaps\u2013a training model for medical students?","volume":"11","author":"F Bauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001094","article-title":"Simulation-based rhomboid flap skills training during medical education: comparing low- and high-fidelity bench models","volume":"25","author":"R Denadai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.02.087","article-title":"Why not perforator flap training models in rats?","volume":"63","author":"S Kayano","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783X-14-10-459","article-title":"The use of chicken legs for teaching wound closure skills","volume":"14","author":"P N Khalil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24350","article-title":"The galliform (T\u00fcrkiye thigh) model for resident training in facial plastic surgery","volume":"124","author":"D S Isaacson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1731-0332","article-title":"Lamb head as a training model for septoplasty and rhinoplasty","volume":"38","author":"F Apaydin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2732-5071.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T22:35:00Z","timestamp":1783982100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2732-5071"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2732-5071","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-6825","1098-8793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-6825","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]}}}