{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:03:18Z","timestamp":1785855798569,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Purpose Toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of infectious uveitis of the posterior segment. Current literature regarding this parasitic ocular infection in children is sparse. In this study, we focused on localisation of retinal infiltration and visual outcome in children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Material and Methods Single-centre, retrospective study from 2012 to 2021. Patients were divided into three subgroups depending on foveal involvement: (1) direct foveal infiltrate, (2) with extrafoveal infiltrate, either with or (3) without fovea-involving inflammation. The primary outcome was visual acuity (VA) improvement (Snellen, decimal). The secondary outcome was the VA outcome depending on foveal involvement. Wilcoxon signed rank test (SPSS Statistics 26) was used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results Data of 144 paediatric uveitis cases were identified, with active ocular toxoplasmosis in 21 (14.5%) patients. Data analysis was permitted in 20\/21 patients. Oral antibiotic and prednisone therapy and additional topical steroids were initiated if deemed necessary. Overall, VA improved from first presentation (mean 0.5, range hand motion to 1.0) to last follow-up (mean 0.7, range counting fingers to 1.0; p\u2009=\u20090.001). Focusing on the subgroups, the most substantial VA improvement was reported in group 1 (0.042 to 0.30; p\u2009=\u20090.028) and in group 2 (0.62 to 0.9; p\u2009=\u20090.078).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion In children in adolescence, VA improves the symptoms of in children of fovea involving ocular toxoplasmosis. Direct foveal infiltrate is associated with the lowest visual acuity outcome but also with the most substantial VA improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2733-3310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:34:26Z","timestamp":1776724466000},"page":"408-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Outcome of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in a Paediatric Population"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Alice Miriam","family":"Kitay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, Talacker Augen Zentrum Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Augenzentrum Witikon, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"B\u00f6ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Augenarztpraxis Bremgarten, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5431-4991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Barthelmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, The University of Sydney Save Sight Institute, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6298-615X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Gerth-Kahlert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Gunzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.06.006","article-title":"Pediatric uveitis: A comprehensive review","volume":"67","author":"A Maleki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2012.693197","article-title":"A review on human toxoplasmosis","volume":"44","author":"G Saadatnia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00124-7","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans","volume":"30","author":"A M Tenter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652015000500001","article-title":"Human toxoplasmosis outbreaks and the agent infecting Form. Findings from a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"L R Meireles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"23s","article-title":"[The status of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in the Swiss population: contribution of a seroepidemiologic study from the Zurich canton]","volume":"65","author":"P Jacquier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr Suppl"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"435","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in Germany","volume":"116","author":"U Pleyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.02.004","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis: A history of clinical observations","volume":"39","author":"L M Weiss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)96004-3","article-title":"Multiple cases of acquired toxoplasmosis 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