{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:39:44Z","timestamp":1792453184285,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"09","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Reconstr Microsurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The intersaphenous veins are inconstant veins interconnecting the great and the small saphenous veins. Due to the inclination of the superficial venous system to be rather inconsistent, this topic has never been described thoroughly and adequately before. The aim of our research was to observe intersaphenous veins and give a profound description of their variable anatomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Sixty-three body donor limbs of Central European origin embalmed in formaldehyde were dissected. The tips of the medial and lateral malleoli were selected as suitable points of reference for measurements on the vertical axis of the leg. Additionally, each fibula was measured and related to the average length of the fibula in our examined sample. Consequently, each measurement was recalculated by this coefficient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Five types of arrangement were described: no connection (22.22%), one connection (46.03%), two connections (19.05%), three connections (11.11%), and four connections (1.59%). The average point of communication between the great saphenous vein and the intersaphenous vein was located 21.50\u2009\u00b1\u20099.64\u2009cm proximal to the medial malleolus and between the small saphenous vein and the intersaphenous vein, 18.45\u2009\u00b1\u20096.05\u2009cm proximal to the lateral malleolus. Multiple heatmaps were created for an easier comprehension of the topic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This research provides a detailed anatomy of intersaphenous veins of the leg. Yet variable in their arrangement, intersaphenous veins were found in the majority of investigated limbs. Thanks to their favorable anatomy, intersaphenous veins offer new alternatives to the traditional venous grafts from the saphenous veins, not only for heart bypasses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2737-6384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:07:44Z","timestamp":1763597264000},"page":"843-853","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Intersaphenous Veins in the Leg: Anatomical Considerations"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3704-4343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Sedl\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Center for Endoscopic, Surgical and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Vesel\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Center for Endoscopic, Surgical and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"2nd Department of Medicine\u2014Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kachl\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Center for Endoscopic, Surgical and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Health Studies, College of Polytechnics, Jihlava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1258\/phleb.2009.009046","article-title":"The superficial venous system of the lower extremity: new nomenclature","volume":"25","author":"D Kachlik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1258\/phleb.2012.012b01","article-title":"Anatomy of the foot venous pump: physiology and influence on chronic venous disease","volume":"27","author":"J-F Uhl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2002.125847","article-title":"Nomenclature of the veins of the lower limbs: an international interdisciplinary consensus statement","volume":"36","author":"A Caggiati","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref4","first-page":"263","article-title":"Giacomini vein: thigh extension of the small saphenous vein - report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"K Natsis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","first-page":"198","article-title":"The surgical anatomy of the superficial and perforating veins of the lower limb","volume":"61","author":"H Thomson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185116665420","article-title":"Anatomic variations of lower extremity venous system in varicose vein patients: demonstration by three-dimensional CT venography","volume":"58","author":"R Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1258\/026835507781477172","article-title":"The small saphenous vein and other \u2018neglected\u2019 veins of the popliteal fossa: a review","volume":"22","author":"T F O'Donnell Jr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/153100350001200219","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the veins of the lower limb","volume":"12","author":"G Mozes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1177\/153857440403800410","article-title":"New discoveries in anatomy and new terminology of leg veins: clinical implications","volume":"38","author":"G Mozes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vasc Endovascular Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2014.02.002","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the lower-extremity deep and superficial veins","volume":"17","author":"C M Black","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","first-page":"423","article-title":"Ultrasonographic anatomy of the lower extremity superficial veins","volume":"18","author":"L O\u011fuzkurt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-921948","article-title":"Lower extremity venous anatomy","volume":"22","author":"M H Meissner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2005.07.020","article-title":"Duplex ultrasound investigation of the veins in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs\u2013UIP consensus document. Part II. Anatomy","volume":"31","author":"A Cavezzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318288c38d","article-title":"Saphenous vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass surgery: pathophysiology, management, and future directions","volume":"257","author":"R E Harskamp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1258\/phleb.2010.010011","article-title":"The anatomical relationship between the saphenous nerve and the great saphenous vein","volume":"26","author":"L Veverkov\u00e1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2006.11.031","article-title":"Objective assessment of nerve injury after greater saphenous vein stripping","volume":"33","author":"D Akagi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2019.01851","article-title":"Use of the short saphenous vein graft in microsurgical reconstruction","volume":"47","author":"J Hwee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.5090\/kjtcs.2012.45.5.275","article-title":"Conduits for coronary bypass: vein grafts","volume":"45","author":"H B Barner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199906000-00019","article-title":"Algorithm for recipient vessel selection in free tissue transfer to the lower extremity","volume":"103","author":"S Park","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1306366","article-title":"Selection of recipient vessel in traumatic lower extremity","volume":"28","author":"S Yazar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-03712-6","article-title":"Lymphedema after saphenous harvesting for coronary artery bypass surgery: case report and literature review","volume":"24","author":"S M Mirhosseini","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"}],"container-title":["Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2737-6384.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:46:13Z","timestamp":1792449973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2737-6384"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"09","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2737-6384","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-684X","1098-8947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0743-684X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]}}}