{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T18:16:14Z","timestamp":1773252974476,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Homeopathy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In homeopathic philosophy, chronic miasms are considered the fundamental causes of \u2018true, natural\u2019 chronic diseases. Hahnemann classified these into three types: psora, syphilis and sycosis. This project primarily aimed to collect and analyze qualitative experts-derived data to develop a consensus-based checklist of secondary symptoms of psora. The secondary aim was to quantitatively evaluate the checklist through partition clustering for compatibility with Hahnemann's miasmatic classification. This paper reports the development of the psora checklist, with two addenda addressing parallel work on syphilis and sycosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>An exploratory sequential mixed-methods design (qual \u2192 QUAN) was used. Key secondary symptoms were identified through a staged qualitative inquiry. Initially, symptoms were conceptualized deductively from the literature. Their salience was then ranked through free-listing by five homeopathy experts; symptoms with salience\u2009&lt;\u20090.1 were excluded. Face validity was assessed. Next, five different experts evaluated item congruence in Delphi rounds to establish content validity. Symptoms with an average congruency percentage (ACP) &lt;80% were removed. Pilot usability testing was completed by 15 end-users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 91 psoric symptoms were conceptualized; 67 remained after free-listing, whereas 17 low-salience symptoms were excluded. Fifty symptoms passed face validation and proceeded to content validation. Eighteen symptoms failed the ACP threshold (&lt;80%), leaving 32 items. Pilot testing produced three iterations, and the final version contained 23 symptoms suitable for large-scale data collection. Similar procedures were followed concurrently for syphilis and sycosis symptom lists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This staged, experts-driven process produced a conceptually and quantitatively supported checklist of secondary psoric symptoms. The checklist demonstrated acceptable salience and content validity, forming a structured basis for future miasm-focused research. Further studies should examine its broader clinical applicability and psychometric performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2742-7473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T23:35:42Z","timestamp":1773185742000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Investigation into the Miasmatic Classification of Symptoms in Homeopathy: Development of a Checklist of Secondary Symptoms of Psora by Mixed-Methods Research"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"given":"Joynab","family":"Khatun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy, D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pulakendu","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy, D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subhasish","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy, D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangita","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy, D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satyajit","family":"Naskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy, D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taniya","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy, D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil K.","family":"Mandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy, D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sutapa","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy, D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organon of Medicine and Homoeopathic Philosophy, D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munmun","family":"Koley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, East Bishnupur State Homoeopathic Dispensary, Chandi Daulatabad Block Primary Health Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2308-5265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subhranil","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Repertory, D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1751257","article-title":"The evolution of miasm theory and its relevance to homeopathic prescribing","volume":"112","author":"G Vithoulkas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Essentials of principles and practice of homeopathy","author":"S P Dey","year":"2000","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"The miasmatic approach: its importance in homeopathic prescribing","volume":"141","author":"J N Kanjilal","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hahnemannian Gleanings"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Homoeopathy","author":"M L Dhawale","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Lectures on Homeopathic Philosophy","author":"J T Kent","year":"1924","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"The chronic miasms with repertory","author":"J H Allen","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"The Principles and Practice of Homoeopathy","author":"R Hughes","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"The principles and art of cure by homoeopathy: A modern textbook","author":"H A Roberts","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Hahnemann's conception of chronic disease (as caused by parasitic microorganisms)","author":"M L Tyler","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"A comparison of the chronic miasms (psora, pseudo-psora, syphilis, sycosis)","author":"P Speight","year":"1961"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"The chronic diseases: Their peculiar nature and their homeopathic cure","author":"S Hahnemann","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"4","article-title":"The evolution of miasm theory and its relevance to homeopathic prescribing","volume":"19","author":"P Jain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Res Homoeopathy"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"The Science of Homeopathy","author":"G Vithoulkas","year":"1990","edition":"Reprint edition"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"227","article-title":"Homeopathic miasms and heredity","volume":"101","author":"F Degroote","year":"2012","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"107","article-title":"Miasmatic cases in practice","volume":"101","author":"K Sahoo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004814","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0004814","article-title":"Salience and perceptions of epidemic-prone diseases in two communities: findings from freelisting interviews in Khartoum State, Sudan","volume":"5","author":"N Abdelmagid","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.5380","article-title":"Outcomes of importance to patients living with cutaneous chronic graft-vs-host disease","volume":"161","author":"E Baumrin","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-023-01245-1","article-title":"\u201cThey protect us as if they were our mom\u201d Masking attitudes from freelist survey data and qualitative interviews in San Diego school communities","volume":"49","author":"V Omaleki","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.15171\/jcs.2015.017","article-title":"Design and implementation content validity study: development of an instrument for measuring patient-centered communication","volume":"4","author":"V Zamanzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Caring Sci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/0748175613513808","article-title":"Critical values for Lawshe's content validity ratio: revisiting the original methods of calculation","volume":"47","author":"C Ayre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Meas Eval Couns Dev"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20147","article-title":"The content validity index: Are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations","volume":"29","author":"D F Polit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20199","article-title":"Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations","volume":"30","author":"D F Polit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11325-z","article-title":"Kappa statistic considerations in evaluating inter-rater reliability between two raters: which, when and context matters","volume":"23","author":"M Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"}],"container-title":["Homeopathy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2742-7473.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T23:35:47Z","timestamp":1773185747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2742-7473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"references-count":23,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2742-7473","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-4916","1476-4245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-4916","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]}}}